Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/798

770 YANINA YAPOCK the level of the sea. The chief productions in 1870 were 20,514 bushels of wheat, 113,683 of Indian corn, 28,207 of oats, 2,727 Ibs. of but- ter, 8,980 of wool, 5,211 of tobacco, and 511 tons of hay. There were 760 horses, 1,963 milch cows, 2,702 other cattle, 5,518 sheep, and 8,244 swine. Capital, Burns ville. YANINA. See JANINA. YANKEE, a familiar term applied in the Uni- ted States to the inhabitants of the New Eng- land states, and after the outbreak of the civil war of 1861 employed by the inhabitants of the seceded states to designate those who re- mained loyal to the government. Foreigners have generally applied the term indiscrimi- nately, and habitually in a disparaging sense, .to all inhabitants of the United States. Of the many etymologies assigned to the word, the most probable is that of Heckewelder, viz. : that it is a corruption of the word English by the North American Indians, who pronounced it Yenghees or Yanghees. YANKEE DOODLE, a tune that since the revo- lutionary war has been popular in the United States, and has become one of our national airs. It was known as long ago as the reign of Charles I., being then sung to the nursery rhyme " Lucy Lockit lost her pocket." In the time of Cromwell it was sung to the following rhyme, in which the words by which it is known first appear : " Yankee Doodle came to town Upon a Kentish pony : He stuck a feather In his hat. And called him Maccaronl." It is supposed to have been written to satirize Cromwell. The tune was played by the British bands in colonial times, and during the Ameri- can revolution various doggerel verses were sung to it, many of them in ridicule of the Americans. In 1861 the legislature of South Carolina, by enactment, forbade the use of the tune in that state. YANKTON, a S. E. county of Dakota, sepa- rated from Nebraska by the Missouri river, and intersected by the Dakota; area, about 520 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 2,097. The Dakota Southern railroad terminates at the county seat. The river bottoms are very fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 18,225 bushels of wheat, 8,855 of Indian corn, 15,075 of oats, 12,459 of potatoes, 7,000 Ibs. of wool, 5,060 of butter, and 3,177 tons of hay. There were 848 horses, 479 milch cows, 1,315 other cattle, 965 sheep, and 288 swine. Capital, Yankton, which is also the capital of the territory. YANKTON, a city and the capital of Dakota territory, county seat of Yankton co., on the N. bank of the Missouri river, 980 m. above its junction with the Mississippi, and 7 m. above the mouth of the Dakota, about 500 m. W. by N". of Chicago ; lat. 42 45' N., Ion. 97 30' "W. ; pop. in 1870, 737 ; in 1876, locally esti- mated at 3,600. It is beautifully situated on a smooth plateau, surrounded on the north and west by smooth high slopes. The river bank is here high and protected by stone. The site comprises about 800 acres. The streets cross each other at right angles, those running E. and W. being 80 ft. wide and those N. and S. 100ft., except Broadway, which is 130 ft., and Douglas avenue, 120 ft. The buildings are chiefly of wood, but there are many brick and stone blocks and residences. The city is the W. terminus of the Dakota Southern railroad, which connects at Sioux City, Iowa, with lines for the east. The shipments of produce and receipts of lumber and farm machinery are important. It is the point of reshipment of government supplies for many military posts and Indian agencies on or near the river above. The Missouri river transportation company runs ten steamers of from 250 to 400 tons from this point during the season of navigation as far as Fort Benton, Montana. Yankton is also a depot of supplies for the Black hills. There are four large grain elevators, railroad machine shops, a foundery and machine shop, a tobacco and cigar factory, two breweries, two flouring mills, a national bank, two private banks, and two large hotels. The city has ex- cellent free public schools, including a high school, with fine new buildings and an enroll- ment of more than 600 out of a school popula- tion (5 to 21 years) of 867. A daily and three weekly (one German) newspapers are pub- lished. The territorial library contains 2,100 volumes, that of the historical society 1,300, and the ladies' library 600. There are seven churches (Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Lutheran, Mennonite, Methodist, and Roman Catholic). Yankton derives its name from the Yankton band of Sioux Indians, who formerly occupied the site as their council ground. They ceded the region to the United States in 1859, when a trading post was established. The city was incorporated in 1869, and rein- corporated in 1873. YANKTONS. See Sioux. YAPOCK, or Water Opossum, a rare marsupial animal of the genus chironectes (111.), of which Yapock (Chironcctes varlegatus). the only described species is C. variegatus, found in Guiana and Brazil. The hind feet are powerful swimming organs ; the fore feet are long, with an elongation of the pisiform bone