Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/816

788 YORK river; area, 800 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 24,286, of whom 12,167 were colored; in 1875, 31,- 639, of whom 17,900 were colored. The sur- face is hilly or mountainous, and the soil is moderately fertile. Iron ore is very abun- dant, and gold, manganese, and limestone are found. It is intersected by the Charlotte, Columbia, and Augusta, the King's Mountain, and the Atlanta and Eichmond Air Line rail- roads. The chief productions in 1870 were 57,839 bushels of wheat, 353,174 of Indian corn, 46,114 of oats, 7,141 of Irish and 18,435 of sweet potatoes, 130,633 Ibs. of butter, 8,834 of wool, and 6,010 bales of cotton. There were 1,856 horses, 2,007 mules and asses, 3,467 milch cows, 4,171 other cattle, 5,686 sheep, and 3,774 swine ; 3 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 1 of forged and rolled iron, and 12 flour mills. Capital, Yorkville. V. A 8. E. county of Nebraska, intersected by the Middle and West forks of Big Blue river ; area, 576 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 604; in 1875, 5,266. The surface is undulating and the soil fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 8,876 bushels of wheat, 10,700 of Indian corn, 4,399 of oats, 3,680 of potatoes, 7,656 Ibs. of butter, and 825 tons of hay. There were 208 horses, 158 milch cows, 237 other cattle, and 295 swine. Capital, York. YORK. I. A county of Ontario, Canada, bordering on Lake Ontario on the south and Lake Simcoe on the north ; area, 913 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 115,974, of whom 47,151 were of English, 41,168 of Irish, 17,044 of Scotch, 6,788 of German, and 1,483 of French origin or de- scent. Several railroads centre at Toronto, the capital of the county and province. II. A S. W. county of New Brunswick, Canada, separated from Maine by the St. Croix river and Grand lake, and intersected by the St. John river; area, 3,472 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 27,140, of whom 9,695 were of Irish, 9,577 of English, 3,917 of Scotch, and 1,882 of Dutch origin or descent. The surface is dotted with numerous lakes, and is diversified with moun- tains and valleys. The soil is fertile. Much of the county is covered with forests. It is traversed by the New Brunswick and Canada, the European and North American, the New Brunswick, and the Fredericton railways. Capi- tal, Fredericton, the capital of the province. YORK, a city and the county seat of York co., Pennsylvania, on Codorus creek and the North- ern Central railroad, by which it is 28 m. S. S. E. of Harrisburg and 58 m. N. of Baltimore ; pop. in 1850, 6,863; in I860, 8,605; in 1870, 11,003. It is handsomely situated in a rich agricultural region, and is regularly laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles. The court house is of brick, with granite front and Corinthian pillars. The Frederick (Mary- land) division of the Pennsylvania railroad passes through the city, and the Peachbottom railroad extends to Oxford, Chester co. York contains several large car shops, some of the most extensive manufactories of agricultural implements in the country, a shoe and a match factory, and the Codorus paper mills. There are five national banks, a savings institution, and a private banking house, with an aggregate capital of $1,500,000. Besides public schools, there are the York county academy for boys, Cottage Hill college for young ladies, and the York collegiate institute for both sexes. One daily and six weekly newspapers are published. One of the weeklies is printed in German. There are 21 churches, most of which have fine edifices, viz. : 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 2 Evangelical, 1 Friends', 5 Lutheran, 2 Moth- odist, 1 Moravian, 1 Presbyterian, 3 Reformed, 2 Roman Catholic, and 2 United Brethren. York was settled in 1741 and incorporated in 1787. The continental congress sat here from Sept. 30, 1777, to July, 1778. YORK (anc. Eboracum), a city and the capi- tal of Yorkshire, England, on both sides of the river Ouse, at its junction with the Foss, 172 m. N. N. W. of London, and 58 m. N. E. of Manchester; pop. in 1871, 43,796. The Ouse is here crossed by a handsome bridge, and there are several bridges across the Foss. There arc several suburbs, mostly on the opposite side of the Foss. The city proper is nearly 3 m. in circuit, and is partly enclosed by ancient walls, which were originally erected by the Romans. It is entered by four principal gates, and the streets are generally narrow, but several have been improved and widened. York minster, or the cathedral, is by many considered the finest church in England. Its history begins in the 7th century, but the present edifice was commenced in the second half of the 12th century and completed in 1472. It is in the form of a cross, with a central square tower 213 ft. high, and two other towers, each 196 ft. high, flanking the W. front, which is highly ornamented. The extreme length is 524 ft., and the extreme breadth across the transepts 249 ft. The E. window is 78 ft. high and 32 ft. wide, and filled with stained glass repre- senting about 200 historical events. An elabo- rate screen contains statues of all the kings of England from William I. to Henry VI. ; and upon this screen is the organ, one of the finest, in the kingdom. The cathedral has a peal of 12 bells, one of which weighs 11 tons, and is the largest in Great Britain. The edifice has been twice nearly destroyed by fire, in 1829 and in 1840. The archbishop's palace is on the N. side of the cathedral. It was built toward the close of the 12th century, and is now used as the library of, the dean and chap- ter ; and the residence of the archbishop is at Bishopthorpe, a little distance from the city. In 1872 there were 52 places of worship, of which 27 belonged to the church of England, and 12 to various denominations of Methodists. York has numerous schools, an ancient Gothic guildhall and large mansion house, the valuable museum of the Yorkshire philosophical society, public baths, a castle occupied by the assize courts and the county prison, a large modern