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IMPLEMENTS OF THE PALÆOLITHIC PERIOD.

CHAPTER XXII.

CAVE IMPLEMENTS.

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Compared with those from the River-drift—Formation of Caverns—Deposition of Stalagmite—Different Ages of Caverns—Chronological Sequence of Caverns—Fauna of the Caves—Dean Buckland's Researches—Kent's Cavern, Torquay—Alteration in Structure of Flint—Trimmed Flakes from Kent's Cavern—Scrapers from Kent's Cavern—Cores and Hammers from Kent's Cavern—Bone Harpoon-heads from Kent's Cavern—Fauna of Kent's Cavern—Animal Remains associated with Works of Art—Correlation of Kent's Cavern with Foreign Caves—Brixham Cave—Trimmed Flakes from the Brixham Cave—The Wookey Hyæna Den—The Gower and other Welsh Caves—The Caves of Creswell Crags—General Considerations .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .

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CHAPTER XXIII.

IMPLEMENTS OF THE RIVER-DRIFT PERIOD.

The Discoveries at Abbeville and Amiens—Discoveries on the Continent and in India—In the Valley of the Ouse—Biddenham, Bedford—Hitchin, Herts—Valleys of the Cam and the Lark—Bury St. Edmunds—Icklingham—High Lodge, Mildenhall—Eedhill, Thetford—Santon Dowuham—Bromehill, Weeting—Gravel Hill, Brandon—Lakenheath—Shrub Hill, Feltwell—Hoxne, Suffolk—Saltley, Warwickshire—Possibility of their occurrence in the North of England—Gray's Inn Lane, London—Highbury, London—Lower Clapton, Stoke Newington, &c.—Ealing and Acton—West Drayton, Burnham, Reading—Oxford and its Neighbourhood—Peasemarsh, Godalming—Valleys of the Gade and Colne—Caddington—No Man's Land, Wheathampstead—Valley of the Lea—Valley of the Cray—Swanscomb and Milton Street—Ightham, Sevenoaks—Limpsfield, Surrey—Valley of the Medway—Reculver—Thanington, Kent—Canterbury and Folkestone—Southampton—Hill Head, Southampton Water—The Foreland, Isle of Wight—Bemerton, Salisbury—Fisherton and Milford Hill, Salisbury—Bournemouth and Barton Cliff—Valley of the Axe .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .

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CHAPTER XXIV.

FORMS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPLEMENTS FROM THE RIVER-DRIFT.

Flint Flakes—Trimmed Flakes—Pointed Implements—Sharp-rimmed Implements—Differ from those of Neolithic Age—Their occurrence in other parts of the World—Found in Africa and Asia—Their probable Uses—The Civilization they betoken—Characteristics of their Authenticity .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .

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CHAPTER XXV.

ANTIQUITY OF THE RIVER-DRIFT.

Hypothetical case of River-action—Origin of River Systems—Amount of Solid Matter in Turbid Water—Nature of Flood-deposits—Effects of Ground-ice—Deposits left on the Slopes of Valleys during Excavation—Solvent power of Carbonic Acid—The results of the Deepening of Valleys—Actual Phenomena compared with the Hypothetical—The Denudation of the Fen Country—The Valley of the Waveney—The Valley of the Thames—Deposits in the South of England—Deposits near Salisbury—The Origin of the Solent—Deposits at Bournemouth—Breach through the Chalk-range South of Bournemouth—The Question of Climate—Evidence as to Climate—Association of Implements with a Quaternary Fauna—Scarcity of Human Bones in the River-drift—Attempts to formulate Chronological Data—Data from Erosion—Conclusion .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .      .

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