necklaces, however, the studs are more numerous, and seem to have been a form of beads.
These studs or buttons are occasionally of amber. In a stone cist in a barrow near Driffield, Yorkshire,[1] a contracted skeleton was found, and with it, the bracer before described (p. 429), a bronze dagger, and three conical amber studs, about 1 inch in diameter, flat on the under-side, and pierced with two converging holes. Such buttons of amber are found on the Baltic[2] coast, and even in Northern Russia.
Conical studs or buttons perforated at the base, formed of wood or lignite covered with gold, and of bone or ivory, have been found in the Wiltshire barrows.[3] The jet studs are sometimes concave at the base, with a knob left in the centre for attachment, instead of being perforated. Five such were found with urns at Stevenston, Ayrshire.[4] They are about an inch in diameter.
The rings of jet with perforations at the edges, such as have been before mentioned as found in connection with buttons or studs, are sometimes found without them. One such, nearly 2 inches in diameter, perforated in the centre with a hole 34 inch in diameter, and with "two deep grooves in the edges, and four holes near together, two communicating with each other and capable of admitting a large packthread," was found with the skeleton at Tring Grove,[5] Herts, with which had been buried the flint arrow-heads and "wrist-guards" before described.[6] Two rings of jet, one punctured with two holes as if for suspension, the other with one hole only, accompanied an urn and two "spear-heads" of flint in a barrow near Whitby.[7] A pulley-like ring, described as of cannel coal, with four perforations through the sides at irregular intervals, was found in a cist near Yarrow, Selkirkshire,[8] and has been engraved. A part of a stone hammer lay in another cist at the same spot. A portion of what appears to be a similar ring was found near Lesmahago,[9] Lanarkshire.
A jet ring notched on the outside, or ornamented with imperfect circles, was found in the Upton Level Barrow,[10] together with doubly conical and cylindrical beads. There were both stone and bronze objects in the same barrow, many of which have already been mentioned.
A ring of Kimmeridge shale, 138 inches in diameter, was found with a penannular ring of bronze, flint flakes and arrow-heads, a perforated whetstone, a bead of glass and one of bone, in examining a series of barrows at Afflington, Dorset.[11]
Another form of ornament, of which numerous examples have been found with ancient interments, is the necklace, consisting of
- ↑ Arch., vol. xxxiv. p. 256. They eeem to be incorrectly represented in pl. xx.
- ↑ Klebs, "Der Bernstein-schmuck der Stein-zeit." Königsberg, 1882.
- ↑ Hoare's "South Wilts," pl. x. and xii. Arch., vol. xv. pl. vii. "Cat. Devizes Mus.," No. 54.
- ↑ Wilson's "Preh. Ann. of Scotland," vol. i. p. 441.
- ↑ Arch., vol. viii. p. 429.
- ↑ P. 426.
- ↑ Proc. Soc. Ant., vol. iii. p. 58.
- ↑ Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ii. p. 484; vi. 62.
- ↑ Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xx. p. 304.
- ↑ Arch., vol. xv. p. 122. Hoare's "South Wilts," pl. vii.
- ↑ "Cran. Brit.," vol. ii. pl. 45, 3.
