Professor Carl Vogt[1] has suggested that the small roundels of stone (like Worsaae, "Afb." No. 86) too large to have been used as spindle-whorls, which are occasionally found in Denmark, may have been the fly-wheels of vertical pump-drills, used for boring stone tools. They may, however, be heads of war-maces.
In the case of some of the unfinished and broken axes found in the Swiss lakes, and even in some of the objects made of stag's horn,[2] there is a projecting core[3] at the bottom of the unfinished hole. This is also often seen in[4] Scandinavian and German specimens. Dr. Keller has shown that this core indicates the employment of some kind of tube as a boring tool; as indeed had pointed out so long ago as 1832 by Gutsmuths,[5] who, in his paper "Wie durchbohrte der alte Germane seine Streitaxt?" suggested that a copper or bronze tube was used in conjunction with powdered quartz, or sand and water. In the Klemm collection, formerly at Dresden, is a bronze tube, five inches long and three quarters of an inch in diameter, found near Camenz, in Saxony, which its late owner regarded[6] as one of the boring tools used in the manufacture of stone axes. This is now in the British Museum, but does not appear to me to have been employed for such a purpose. The Danish antiquaries[7] have arrived at the same conclusion as to tubes being used for boring. Von Estorff[8] goes so far as to say that the shaft-holes are in some cases so regular and straight, and their inner surface so smooth, that they can only have been bored by means of a metallic cylinder and emery. Lindenschmit[9] considers the boring to have been effected either by means of a hard stone, or a plug of hard wood with sand and water, or else, in some cases, by means of a metallic tube, as described by Gutsmuths. He engraves some specimens, in which the commencement of the hole, instead of being a mere depression, is a sunk ring. Similar specimens are mentioned by Lisch.[10] Dr. Keller's translator, Mr. Lee, cites a friend as suggesting the
- ↑ "Guide ill. du Mus. des Ant. du Nord," 2nd edit. p. 8.
- ↑ Anzeiger f. Schweiz. Alt., 1870, pl. xii. 24. Munro's "Lake Dw.," fig. 24, No. 12.
- ↑ Keller's "Lake-dwellings," p. 22. lter Bericht, p. 74. See also Anzeiger für Schweiz. Alterth., 1870, p. 139.
- ↑ Aarsb. Soc. Nor. Ant., 1877, pl. i. 5. Montelius, " Ant. Suéd.," 1874, fig. 34.
- ↑ Morgenblatt, No. 253.
- ↑ "Allgemeine Culturwissenschaft," vol. i. p. 80. See also Preusker, "Blicke in die Vaterländische Vorzeit," vol. i. p. 173.
- ↑ Mém. de la Soc. des Ant. du Nord, 1863, p. 149.
- ↑ "Heidnische Alterthümer," p. 66.
- ↑ "Alterthümer u. h. V.," vol. i. Heft viii. Taf. i.
- ↑ "Frederico-Francisceum," p. 111.
