CLEVELAND
CLEVELAND
In his message to congress the President urged
a revision of the McKinley tariff. The tariff bill
introduced Dec. 19. 1S93. became known as the
Wilson bill, and after various amendments and
radical changes in the senate, was passed. The
President declared it to justify the suspicion of
'■ perfidy anei dishonor. " but allowed it to become
a law without his signature, for reasons ex-
pressed August 27, in a letter to Representative
Catchings. He vetoed the Bland seigniorage
substitute for the silver bill on March 30. 1S95,
and it failed to pass over the veto. On March 17,
1894. the President concluded a treaty with China embodying the immigration restriction acts passed by congress. On Sept. 27 189-1. he pro- claimed amnesty to certain persons accused of practising polygamy under the teachings of the Mormon church. A boundary dispute between Brazil and the Argentine Republic was decided by the President, as arbitrator, Feb. 6, 1895, in favor of Brazil. He also arbitrated disputes be- tween Colombia and Italy and between Nicaragua and Costa Rica. On June 10, 1895, the President appointed Attorney -general Olney to the va- cancy in the department of state, caused by the death of Secretary Gresham, and Judson Harmon of Ohio, to the head of the department of justice thus made vacant. On March 1. 1895. Postmaster- general Bissell resigned and William L. Wilson of West Virginia was appointed as his successor. Mr. Cleveland published his Venezuelan message Dec. 17, 1895, and was accujsed of "jingoism." The supreme court, on May 20, 1895, declared the income tax unconstitutional and the tax already collected was refunded. President Cleveland's foreign policy included the recognition of the in- dependence of the Republic of Hawaii, Aug. 8, 189-1; a new treaty made with Japan, Nov. 23, 1894. and the treaty with China, ratified Dec. 7, 1894. On March 1. 1895. the American minis- ters at Pekin and Tokio brought China and Japan together in a peace conference, and on June 7,
1895, China thanked the President for promoting peace in the Orient. On Aug. 22, 1896, Secretary Smith of the interior having resigned. David R. Francis of 3Iissouri took his place. These consti- tuted aU the changes in the cabinet during iLr. Cleveland's second term. The first bond issue of $50,000,000, to supply gold for the needs of the treasury department, was made Jan. 14, 1894: the second of $50,000,000. Nov. 13, 1894: the third of $62,400,000, Feb. 8, 1895. and the fourth of -$100,- 000,000, Jan. 6, 1896. Mr. Cleveland applied the civil service rules to the internal revenue depart- ment, Dec. 12, 1895 ; to the pension department, July 19, 1895; to the consvdar service where sal- aries did not reach $2500 per year, Sept. 23, 1895, and on ^lay 6, 1S96. practically all subordinates in the civil service of the government were
brought under the rules of the civU service. His
diplomatic services to the country were marked
by the satisfactory conclusion of the Venezuela
arbitration with Great Britain, Feb. 2, 1897, and
by a treaty of permanent arbitration between
Great Britain and the L'nited States so far as ex-
ecutive authority could extend, by submitting it
to the L'.S senate, Jan. 11, 1897. In the presi-
dential campaign of 1896, Mr. Cleveland an-
nounced his poKtical preference for Pahner and
Buckner. and in April, 1897. supported his pre-
vious policy as an advocate of tariff reform and
of a single gold standard in a speech before the
Reform club of New York city. Mr. Cleveland
was married, June 2, 18S6, to Frances, daugh-
ter of Oscar Folsom, his former la'w partner, and
Mrs. Cleveland contributed in no small degree to
the personal popularity of the President. L'pon
retiring from the presidency he made his home
in Princeton, N.J. On Dec. 17, 1901, he was ap-
pointed one of twelve citizens to represent the
public on the boar.l of arbitration of the Indus-
trial Department of the National Civic Federation.
CLEVELAND, Henry Russell, author, was
born in Lancaster, Mass.. Oct. 3, 1808: son of
Richard Jeffry and Dorcas C. (Hiller) Cleveland ;
grandson of Capt. Stephen Cleveland, L'.S.N. ;
great-grandson of the Rev. Aaron and Susannah.
(Porter), great- grandson of Capt. Aaron and
Abigail (Waters), great ^ grandson of Aaron and
Dorcas (Wilson) Cleveland, and great* grandson
of Moses Cleaveland, pioneer. His father was
U.S. vice-consul at Havana. Cuba, 1829-34, and
the author of '"A Narrative of Voyages and Com-
mercial Enterprises "" (2 vols., 1842) ; and his
grandfather received the commission of captain
in the U.S. navy, probably the first commission
granted in the new department by the U.S.
government. Henry RusseU received a careful
preliminary education from private tutors and
was graduated from Harvard in 1827, receiving
the degree of A.M. in 1830. After teaching
school for one year, he went to Cuba for the l>ene-
fi.t of his health. He then travelled through
