COPE
COPELAND
^ A^"t^^^y
institution, he spent the years 1863-64 in Europe,
studying at Heidelberg, where he received the
degree of Ph.D. He was professor of natural
sciences in Haverford college, 1864-67 ; explored
the cretaceous formations of Kansas in 1871 ;
the eocene of Wyoming, 1872 ; the tertiary beds
of Colorado, 1873, and was i^alseontol- ogist of the first survey of the United States territories, and of the survey west of the 100th meridian, 1874. He spent between §75,- 000 and §100,000 in collecting speci- mens of fossils, in- cluding thousands of new species which were afterward de- manded of him by the government un- der a misapprehen- sion of facts. In 1889 he was appointed professor of geology and pal.Tontology in the University of Pennsylvania. He was recognized abroad as one of the foremost in his specialty bj" being made a member of the Royal academy of letters and sciences of Batavia ; of the geological societies of France and London and of the National academy of sciences of Mexico. He was also made an honorary member of the Belgian society of zoology, palaeontology and hydrology. In 1896 he was elected president of the American association for the advancement of science, to succeed Ed- ward W. Morley. In 1879 he received the Bigsby gold medal of the Geological society of London in recognition of his services in the field of verte- brate palaeontology. He is the author of the principle of ' ' acceleration and retardation, ' " of " repetition," of the " doctrine of the unspecial- ized " and of a theory of the origin of the will. He edited with Prof. A. S. Packard, the American Naturalist. By his will he gave §40,000 to the Philadelphia academy of natural sciences for the establishment of a chair of palaeontology. He is the author of: On the Origin of Genera (1868). Hypothesis of Evolution (1870); Method of Creation (1871) ; Evolution and Its Consequences (1872) ; Consciousness in Evolution (1875) ; Eelation of Man to Tertiary Mammals (1875); The Theory of Evolu- tion (1876) ; The Origin of the Will (1877) ; Animal Motion and Evolution (1878) ; A Beview of the Modern Doctrines of Evolution (1879) ; Origin of Man, etc. (1885); The Energy of Life and Evolution and Ilotv it has Acted (1885) ; The Origin of the Fittest (1886) ; and The Primary Factors of Organic Evolution (1896). See extended obituary notice
in Science, May 7, 1897. He died in Philadelphia,
Pa., April 12, 1897.
COPE, Gilbert, historian and genealogist, was. born in East Bradford, Pa., Aug. 17, 1840; son of Joseph and Eliza (Gilbert) Cope ; grandson of Joseph and Ann (Taylor) Cope and of Abner and Ann (Cooper) Gilbert; great-grandson of John Cope ; and of Benjamin Gilbert, who with his family was taken captive by the Indians in 1780 ; and a direct descendant of Oliver Cope, who came to America from Avebury, "Wiltshire, England, and settled in Pennsylvania in 1682-83. He was educated at Friends' schools in West Chester and Westtown, completing his course at the latter in 1857. He engaged in farming, in collecting historical and genealogical data, and in jH-eserving church and other public records and manuscripts. He was elected a member and director of the Genealogical society of Pennsyl- vania, secretary of the Chester county historical society, member of the Historical society of Pennsylvania, of the Delaware historical society, and corresponding member of the New England historic genealogical society in 1861. He was. married Feb. 5, 1880, to Anna Garrett. He com- piled manuscript abstracts of Friends' records and put into book form hundreds of folio volumes of ancient manuscript both for his personal use and for the Pennsylvania historical society. He is the author of Coj^e Genealogy (1861) ; DtU- tons of Pennsylvania (1871) ; Futhey and Cope's Histonj of Chester County (1881) ; Sharpless Geneal- ogy (1887) ; Darlington Genealogy (1899) ; Smedley Genealogy (in preparation, 1899) ; and of various genealogical MSS.
COPE, Thomas Pym, merchant, was born in Lancaster county. Pa.. Aug. 26, 1768; son of Caleb Cope, a Quaker, who in 1775 protected Major Andre from the mob. The son was trained to the importing and commission business in Philadelphia and became an extensive merchant and ship owner. He served in the state legis- lature, was a member of the city council, a dele- gate to the state constitutional convention, president of the board of trade and of the mercantile library company, an executor of Girard's will, a trustee of the bank and a director of the college. He helped to complete the Chesa- peake and Delaware canal and the Pennsylvania railroad, and secured to the city Lemon Hill as a public park. His sons, Henry and Alfred, suc- ceeded him in business as they in turn were succeeded by Francis and Thomas, sons of Henrj^ under the name Cope Brothers. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 22, 1854.
COPELAND, Charles W., engineer, was born in Coventry, Conn., in 1815; son of Daniel Cope- land. He was educated as a draughtsman, and when a young man was given the superintend-
