ENGELMANN
ENGLAND
was graduated M.D. from the last named in
1831. He was associated with Schimper, Braun
and Agassiz in Paris in 1832; the same jear he
came to the United States and resided in St. Clair
county, 111., 1832-35, settling in St. Louis, Mo.,
in 1835. Besides practising his profession he took
an active interest in all his surroundings. He
founded Das WesUand, a German periodical,
which circulated largely in the old world.
Every leisure moment was given to botany. His
first publication, his inaugural thesis, De Antho-
lysi Prodromus (Frankfort, 1832), commanded the
attention of scientific men. It wa,s commented
on by Goethe, in one of his last letters, and, says
an authority, " is still held to be one of the most
philosophical of such works." He studied the
cacti, dodders, pines, rushes, sponges and other
little-known groups. Coulter's Botanical Gazette
for May, 1884, contains the titles of one hundred
of his botanical papers. He published "The
Grape Vines of Missouri " in 1860. He was a
charter member of the National academy of
sciences: founder and for many years president
of the St. Louis academy of sciences, and mem-
ber of over thirty of the great scientific and bo-
tanical societies of America and of Europe. His
writings were edited by Asa Gray and published
by Henry Shaw of St. Louis. His botanical
library, his correspondence, and his herbarium
containing the original specimens from which so
manj^ western plants were named, are preserved
in Shaw's (now the Missouri) botanical garden.
The Engelmann professorship in botany M-as es-
tablished by Mr Shaw, in his memory, in the
Henry Shaw school of botany, a department of
Washington univei'sity, St. Louis, in 1885. He
was married in 1840 to Dora, daughter of Philip
and Sophie Horstman of Bacharach on-the-Rhine.
Dr. Engelmann died in St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 4, 1884.
ENGELMANN, George Julius, i^hysician, was
born in St. Louis, Mo., July 2, 1847; son of Dr. .
George and Dora (Hortsman) Engelmann. He
was graduated with honors at Washington uni-
versity, St. Louis, in 1867. He pursued his medi-
cal studies abroad, 1867-73, at the Universities of
Berlin, Tiibitigen and Vienna, serving as assist-
ant surgeon during the Franco-Prussian war,
1870-71, and was graduated M.D. at Berlin \n
1871, and master in obstetrics at Vienna in 1872.
He practised his profession in St. Louis, 1873-94,
and after 1895 in Boston, Mass. He was professor
of diseases of women and operative midwiferj" in
the St. Louis poh^clinic and post-graduate school
and in the Missouri medical college; founded the
St. Louis school for midwives and the St. Louis
lying-in hospital; was one of the founders and
president of the St. Louis obstetrical and gyneco-
logical society; president of the Southern surgi-
cal and gynecological association; founder and
vice-president of the American gynecological so-
ciety and of the International congress of gj^ne-
cology, and an honorary fellow of the Medical
society of the state of New York and of the Uni-
versity archaeological association of Philadel-
phia. He was also one of the trustees of the
Missom-i botanical garden, and member of the
advisoiy committee of the Henry Shaw school
of botany, St. Louis. He made extensive re-
searches in archaeological science, and the largest
part of his extensive collection he gave to the
Peabody museum at Cambridge, Mass., while
many of his specimens are to be found in the
museums at Berlin, Vienna and Washington,
D.C. Prominent among his contributions to
gynecological literature are his papers on the
Uterine Mucosa, Labor among Primitive Peoples, and
Electricity in Gynecology.
ENGLAND, John, R.C. bishop, was born in Cork, Ireland, Sept. 23, 1786. He was the son of well-to-do Catholic parents who were persecuted on account of their religion. His education was interrupted by continued persecutions and he gave himself to the study of the law, but after two years decided to fit himself for the priesthood. He thereupon entered the theological college at Carlow. His progress was so rapid that in his second year he was assigned to give catechetical instruction to children, and his classes attracted a large attendance of adults. He also instructed the Cork militia then stationed at Carlow, and established an asylum for unprotected women and a school for the free education of poor boys. He was assigned bj- the bishop of Carlow to de- liver a course of moral lectures in the cathedral during Lent. Before he had received his formal degree of licentiate he was recalled in 1808 by the bishop of Cork and made president of the theological semmar}- of his diocese. The bishop also applied for a dispensation by which he was elected to the priesthood before he had attained the canonical age. He Avas thereupon ordained deacon, Oct. 10, 1808, and priest the following day. He was made lecturer in the cathedral and chaplain of the Cork jails. He purchased and edited the Cork Mercantile Chronicle, through the columns of which he defended the Irish priests from the measures of the English government calculated to subsidize them, and defeated the obnoxious law. He advocated Catholic emanci- pation in Ireland with all the vigor of his able pen. and persistently I'efused Episcopal honors in any country subject to British rule. He was nominated the first bishop of the newly created see of Charleston. S.C, and accepted the trust, but refused to take the oath required of bishops who were subjects of England. He was con- .secrated in Cork Sept. 21. 1820, and reached Charleston, December 80, the same year. His
