FORBES
FORCE
fessor of zoology in the State noi'mal university,
1875-78; in 1883 was ai^ijoiuted state entomologist
of Illinois, and in 1884 became professor of zoology
and entomology in the University of Illinois. In
1888 he was made dean of the college of science
in that institution, and in 1894 founded and be-
came director of the lUiuois biological station.
He was for many years secretary of the Illinois
state natural histoiy society; was president of
the Cambridge (JIass. ) entomological club; a
member of the ^Vmerican ornithological union,
and of the Society for the promotion of agricultu-
ral science. He organized, in 1888, and became
president of the natural science division of the
State teachers' association. lu 1890 he was
charged by the U.S. fish commission with the
investigation of the lower aquatic animal life of
the waters of the northern Mississippi valley, of
the Yellowstone Park, and the mountain region
of Montana. His published papers are chiefly
included in his reports as state entomologist; in
the Bulletins of the State laboratory of natural
histor}', and of the United States Fish commis-
sions. He also published: Studies of the Food of
Birds, Fishes and Jmects (1883); and Studies of the
Contagious Diseases of Insects (1886), and numer-
ous contributions to scientific periodicals.
FORBES, William Hathaway, merchant, was born in Milton, Mass., Nov. 1, 1840; son of John Murray and Sarah Swain (Hathaway) Forbes. He entered Harvard with the class of 1801, and left during his first junior term. He went into business in Boston in 1861, and on December 26 of that year was commissioned 2d lieutenant of Company E, 1st Massachusetts cav- alry. He served in South Carolina until July,
1862, afterward joining the Army of the Potomac. He was promoted 1st lieutenant, Aug. 16, 1862; captain in the 2d Massachusetts cavalry, Jan. 1,
1863, and major, June 20, 1863. On July 6, 1864, lie was captured by a party under Col. Jolin S. Mosby, the Confederate guerilla chieftain, at Aldie, Va., and was lield as a prisoner of war until Dec. 10, 1864, being confined first in Charles- ton prison and later at Columbia, S.C. He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, Oct. 28, 1864, and was honorablj' discharged. May 15, 1865. He was married Oct. 3, 1805, to Edith, daughter of Ralph Waldo Enierson, and was engaged in busi- ness in Boston until 1887. He was one of the founders of the American Bell telephone com- pany in 1878, and its ju-esident mitil 1887. He received the degree of A.B. from Harvard in 1872 by vote of the corporation. He died on Naushon Island, Buzzard's Bay. Jlass., Oct. 10, 1897.
FORCE, Manning Ferguson, soldier, was born in "Washington. D.C., Dec. 17, 1824; son of Peter and Hannah (Evans) Force. He was grad- uated at Harvard, A.B., 1845; LL.B., 1848, and
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removed to Ohio in 1849, where he established
himself in the practice of law in Cincinnati. On
the outbreak of the civil war he joined the Union
army as major of the 20th Ohio volunteers, was
promoted lieutenant-
colonel, and was with
Grant's army at Fort
Donelson and at
Shiloh. He was made
colonel of his regi-
ment, made the cam-
paign of southwestern
Tennessee and north
Mississippi with Cfen-
eral Grant, 1802-03,
and was promoted
brigadier-general of
volunteers, Aug. 11,
1803, for services at
the siege of Vicks-
burg. Pie commanded a brigade in Sherman's
army in the Meridian and Atlanta campaigns, and
the march to the sea, and commanded a division in
the camiiaign of the Carolinas. He was severely
woimded before Atlanta; was brevetted major-
general of volunteers, March 13, 1805, and re-
turned to Mississippi as commander of a military
district, where he remained till mustered out of
the volunteer service, Jan. 11, 1800. He then
returned to Cincinnati, where he was judge of
the court of common pleas, 1807-77, of the
superior court, 1877-87, and superintendent of
the soldiers' home at Sandusky, Ohio, 1887-99.
He was a student of archaeology, a historical and
biographical writer, a recorder of incidents of the
civil war; author of General Sherman in "Great
Commanders series " (1899), and an authority on
and editor of works on American civil and crim-
inal law. He was a corresponding member of
the Massachusetts historical society; a fellow of
the American academy of arts and sciences; and
corresponding member of the JIadrid RealAcade-
mia de la Historia. He received the degree of
LL.D. from Marietta in 1884. He died at Soldiers'
Home, Sandusky, Ohio, May 8, 1899.
FORCE, Peter, historian, was born at Pas- saic Falls, N.J., Nov. 26, 1790; son of William and Sarah (Ferguson) Force; grandson of Man- ning and Lucretia (Winchell) Force, and great- grandson of Obadiah and (Manning) Force.
His parents removed first to New Paltz, N.Y., and subsequently to New York city, where upon leaving scliool, Peter learned the trade of printer, and in 1813 was pi-esident of the New York typo- graphical .society. He removed to Washington, D.C., in November, 1815, with his employer, W. A. Davis, to carry out a government printing con- tract. He compiled and printed the Biennial Beijister, 1820-28; the National Calendar, 1822-36;
