GADSDEN
Q.
OABB, William More, paleontologist, was
born in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. U>, 1S39. He
attended school in his native city and studied
geology in tlie academy of natural sciences there.
He was paleontologist to the topographical, geo-
logical and natural history survey of California,
iinder the direction of Prof. Josiah Dwight Whit-
ney, 1862-6.5, and classified the cretaceous and
tertiary fossils found during that survey. In
1868 he \\as emjiloyed by the Santo Domingo land
and mining company to survey the island of
Santo Domingo, and was engaged there till 1873.
He then made a topographical and geological sur-
vey of Costa Rica and while on this survey made
collections of ethnological and natural history
specimens for the Smithsonian institution. He
was elected a member of the National academy
of sciences and of several other organizations.
He contributed to scientific journals and wrote
the second volume of Whitney's " Geological
Survey of California" (1864), also that part of
the first volume, which relates to the cretaceous
and tertiary fossils. He published memoirs On
the Topography and Geology of Santo Domingo,
and On the Topography of Costa liica ; and one on
the Ethnology of Costa Uicain the Transactions of
the American Philosophical Society, and at the time
of his death had in manuscript his report on the
geology and paleontology of Costa Rica. He died
in Philadelphia, Pa., May 30, 1878.
GABRIELS, Henry, R.C. bishop, was born in Wannegem-Lede, East Flanders, Belgium, Oct. 6, 1838. He was ordained at Ghent, Belgium, by Bishop Louis Joseph Delebesque of Ghent, Sept. 21, 1861 ; was graduated as licentiate in theology at the University of Louvain in 1864. He was sent from Bel- gium to the United States with three other priests to man- age the organization of St. Joseph's the- ological seminary of the province of New York, instituted at Troy, N.Y., and during his service as professor and rec- tor nearh- 700 priests were graduated from the in.stitution. In addition to his duties at the seminaiy he was made vicar-general of the dioceses of Ogdensburg and Burlington, diocesan examiner for Albany and New York, and a secretary of the third plen-
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ary council of Baltimore in 1884. On Dec. 20,
1891, he was appointed by Pc.pe Leo XIII. bishop
of Ogdensbui'g to succeed the Rt. Rev. Edgar P.
Wadhams, D.D., who died Dec. 5, 1891. He was
consecrated to the office. May 5, 1893, at the
cathedral at Albany, N.Y., by the Most Rev. M. A.
Corrigan, archbishop of New York. In 1898 he
had in his jurisdiction 104 priests; 134 churches;
71 stations ; ICO religious women ; 3700 young
people under Catholic care in parochial schools;
and a Catholic population of 76,000 souls. He
received the honorary degree of D.D. from the
University of Louvain in 1883. He was a zealous
pi'omoter of the Catholic summer school and at-
tended its annvial sessions at Plattsburgh, N.Y.,
within the jurisdiction of his diocese.
GADSDEN, Christopher, delegate to the Con- tinental congress, was born in Charleston, S.C, in 1724. He was educated in England, was clerk in a commercial house in Philadelphia, Pa, 1743- 45, and in business on his own account after 174.5. He was a correspondent of Samuel Adams, dele- gate from South Carolina to the Colonial congress that met in New York in 176.5, and to the first Continental congress wh.ich met in Philadelphia, serving 1774-76. In the Continental congress he was a member of the marine committee, and in February, 1776, presented to the congress the patriot or rebel flag of the navy. He was an officer in the Continental army in the defence of Charleston, 1776-80, entering the service as colonel and receiv- ing promotion to the rank of brigadier- general. He was a framer of the state constitution of 1778, and lieutenant-governor of South Carolina, 1778-80. In May, 1780, when Charleston fell he remained in the city at the request of Governor Rutledge, and signed the arti- cles of capitulation when he was paroled. Subse- quently he was arrested by Lord Cornwallis in spite of his parole, and imprisoned. He was olTe> ed the freedom of the town of St. Augustine where he was confined, but indignantly refused to accept a second parole after the first had been broken, and he washeldfor forty-two weeks. He wasthen ex- changed, and on his return to Chai'leston in 1781 he was elected governor of South Carolina, but declined to serve on account of infirmities due to imprisonment and military service. He died in Charleston, S.C, Aug. 28, 1805.
