GALLUP
GALUSHA
in religious matters and was an elder in the Pres-
byterian church for thirteen years. The hono-
rary degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by
Indiana Asbury university in 1860. He died in
Columbus, Ohio, April 7, 1872.
GALLUP, Joseph Adams, physician, was born in Stoningtou, Conn., Jlarcli 30, 1769. He was graduated from Dartmouth college in 1798 as bachelor of medicine, practised in Hart- land and Bethel, Vt., for two years and then removed to Woodstock, Vt. He was professor of the theory and practice of medicine, of materia jnedica and president of the medical college at Castleton, Vt., from 1820 to 1823. In 1827 he established a school of medicine at Woodstock, remaining in charge till 1834, and the following year this school was merged into the Vermont medical college. He received his M.D. degree from Dartmouth in 1814 and the honorary degree of A.M. from Middlebury, Vt., college in 1828. He published: fUcHrhi's of Epidemic Diseases in the State of Vermont and JRcmarks on Pulmonary Con- sumption (1803) ; Pathological Reflections on the Supertonic State, of Disease (1822); and Outlines of the Institutes of Medicine (2 vols-, 1889). He died in Woodstock, Vt., Oct. 12, 1849.
QALLY, Merritt, inventor, was born in Perry, N.Y.. Aug. 15, 1838; son of the Rev. David K. and Anna (Wilder) Galh'; and grandson of Robert Gaily, born in Scotland, educated in Edinburgh, settled in the North of Ireland and transported a large church colony of Protestants to America about 1798; and of Erastus Wilder of Pilgrim ancestry, who emi- grated to central New York about 1802. Mer- ritt's father settled in Rochester in 1839 and died there in 1844 when the boy was six years old. His mother married again and in 1849 he was appren- ticed to a printer. While learning the trade he learned also the art of engraving on wood. He completed his apprenticeship and worked for a time with his Btepfather as master mechanic, becoming con- versant with mechanical engineering. He con- structed a printing press in 1854 when sixteen years old and with his brother set up a printing office in Nimda, N.Y. In 1856 he began his prep- aration for college, supporting himself mean- while by wood engraving, mechanical drawing and portraiture. He was graduated at tlie Uni- versity of Rochester in 1863; at the theological
seminary. Auburn, NY'.. 1866; was ordained by
the Presbytery of Lyons, N.Y., March 11,
1867, and preached at Marion, N.Y'., 1866-67,
and at Rochester, N.Y., 1867-69, when he was
obliged to give up preaching on accoimt of
bronchial trouble, but retained his membership
in the Presbyterian general assembly of the
United States. In 1869 he invented the Universal
printing press, which was built at Rochester
under Mr. Gally's supervision and soon achieved
a world-vs'ide celebrity, placing the name of Gaily
with Hoe and Gor-
don as a benefactor
to the printing
fraternity. He was
the first to adapt
the platen press
for paper-box cut-
ting and creasing
and for heavy em-
bossing; and was
the first to con-
struct a successful
machine for mak-
ing linotj'pes and plates by mechanically arrang-
ing, by means of finger keys, lines of dies or
matrices automatically justified, from which tyjie
lines or plates were automatically produced either
in metal or mold. His patents were issued, July
16 and 23, 1872, and rights sold in November,
1884, for use in the Mergenthaler linotype ma-
chine. Over fifty complete patents covering
five himdred patent claims were issued to him in
the United States, including electric and tele-
graphic apparatus, governors, self-playing musi-
cal instruments, stereotyping machinery and
philosophical apparatus. In 1890 he devised and
constructed for the government apparatus for
automatically operating and controlling the as-
tronomical photographic and recording instru-
ments used in the expedition to South Africa
by Professor Todd. Mr. Gaily was a delegate
under appointment of the United States Chris-
tian commission, and was detailed to service
at the fiont, at the time of the civil war, where
he assisted the surgeons in the hospitals and
on the field in caring for the sick and wounded
soldiers.
GALUSHA, Jonas, governor of Vermont, was born at Norwich, Conn., Feb. 11. 17.53. He re- moved to Shaftsbury, Vt., in 1775, where lie became a farmer and innkeeper. He was captain of one of the town's two military companies and led them both at the battle of Bennington. He was in active service in the Revolutionary war, 1777-80; was elected by the Democratic party sheriff of Bennington county, Vt. . 1781-87; was state counselor, 1793-98, also 1801-05; judge of the county court, 1795-97, and again 1800-06; and
