GARDENER
GARDINER
went to Euglaud in 1783 and his property was
couliscated. He was a fellow of the Royal
society of London, a member of its connoil and
vice-president of the board. He was an eminent
botanist and zoologist and a correspondent of
Linmeus, who named the genus " Gardenia " in
his honor. His father, Alexander Garden, 1G8.V
17.56, was a clergyman of the Church of England,
rector of St. Philijj's church, Charleston, S.C.,
172U-.j4, and commissary under the bishop of
London. Lieutenant Garden was educated at
AVestmiuster and the University of Glasgow, and
after travelling on the continent, returned to
Charleston, S.C., in 1780 and at once took up
the cause of the colonists, although his father
was a Tory. General Greene made him his aide-
de-camp and in February, 1782, he was commis-
sioned a lieutenant in Lee's legion. His patriotic
course won the favor of the state legislature of
South Carolina and after the war they restoi'ed
to liim the property confiscated in 1783 when Iiis
father fled to England. He published: Anecdolex
of the Itevolutionary ]\'ar with Sketches of Character
(f Pennons most DiatinyuUhexl in the Sonthern States
fir Civil and MiUtarij Services (1822-1838-1865;.
He died in Cliarleston, S.C, Feb. 29, 1829.
Q.4RDENER, Helen Hamilton (Chenoweth), author, was Ijorn in "Winchester, Va., Jan. 21, 18.j8; daughter of the Rev. Alfred Griffith and Katherine (Peel) Chenoweth, both natives of Virginia. She was a descendant from Artliur Clienoweth, who settled in Maryland in l(i;i.5, from Lord Baltimore or the 3d Lord Fairfax, and from Sir Heniw Cromwell. She was graduated at the Cincinnati higli and normal schools and took a post-graduate course in biology, medicine and other branches in New York. She began to write at a very early age, contributing to niaga zines and newspapers, and became active as a lecturer, editor and writer in movements for the progress and development of women, for the de- fence of human rights without sex limitations, and for social and ethical reform. She was elected a member of various social and scientific societies and came to be acknowledged as an authority on heredity. She was married to C. Selden Smart in 1875. Many of her writings were translated into the German, French, Rus- sian, Italian and Japanese langviages. She is the author of: Men, Women and Gods, essays (1885); Pulpit, Pew and Cradle (1887); A Thovgfitless Yes (1890); Pushed hy Unseen Hands (1890); Is This Tour Son, My Lord? (1891); Pray You, Sir, TJ7w.se Daurihterf (1892); Facts and Fictions of Life (1893); An Unofficial Patriot (1894); a sociological and historical novel of the civil war which was dramatized under the title Griffeth Davenport by James A. Heme and produced in 1899; Hare Chil- dren a Might to Legal Protection? (1896); His-
torical Sketches of Our Xary (1900); Heredity
(1900); and a play, i/(s Parisian Model; besides
contributions to periodicals of short stories, es-
says and scientific articles.
GARDINER, Asa Bird, military jurist, was born in New York city, Sept. 30, 1839; son of Asa and Rebekah Willard (Bentley) Gardiner; grandson of George and Christina (Van Rosen- burgh) Gardiner, and of John and Rebekah (Willard) Bentley; ninth in descent from Sur- geon John Greene of Salisbury, Wiltslnre, one of the founders with Roger Williams of the col- ony of Providence Plantations; also ninth in de- scent on the maternal side from Steplien Hop- kins, a Mayfioicer Pilgrim and member of the council for Plymouth colony; also ninth in de- scent from Simon Willard who came to Massa- chusetts Bay in 1635 and for sixteen years was a member of the general court; also eighth in descent from Wilhelm Van Rosenburg, who was surgeon to the Dutch fort Altena on the Dela- ware river under Peter Stu}vesant. He was graduated at the Free academy (College of the city of New York) in 1859, and from the law department of the University of the city of New York in 1800, and was admitted to practice in the New York supreme court, Nov. 20, 1860. He was appointed 1st lieutenant in the 31st N.Y. volunteers in May, 1861, and was in the first engagements of the civil war at Fairfax Court House, July 17. Blackburn's Ford, July 18, and Bull Run. July 21, 1861. He resigned, Aug. 7, 1861, and re-enlisted for three months as captain in the 22d regiment, N.Y.S.M., May 31, 1863, and operated in Maryland and Virginia against guerillas between Charlestown and Wincliester. He was again in active service with his regiment, June 18, 1863, in the protection of the Maiyland and Pennsylvania border against the invasion of Lee's army and in the Gettysburg campaign, and although wounded at Carlisle, Pa., July 1-3, 1863, lie was jiresent at the fight at Hagerstown, Md., July 13, and was honorably mustered out, July 24, 1863, with his regiment. He received a "Medal of Honor for distinguished services per- formed during the recent war while serving as captain of the 23d New York state militia infan- try " under the act of congress of March 3, 1863. He was appointed 1st lieutenant, U.S. reserve corps, Feb. 11, 1865, and brevetted captain of volunteers, March 13, 1865, for "gallant and meritorious services during the war." On May 29, 1865, he was appointed adjutant in the U.S. veteran reserve corps and he served in the 33d army corps in the defences of Washington, D.C. On Dec. 33, 1865, he was ordered to Raleigh, N.C., where he was employed in judicial duties and as assistant adjutant-general and acting judge- advocate on the staffs of Generals Ruger and
