GO UGH
GOULD
delphia. New Orleans auJ Cuba. He then re-
turned to New York, where lie gave eighty
concerts in ISoo-.IU. In ISoG he returned to Cuba
with Adelina Patti and made a concert tour
through tlie Greater Antilles. In lS63^-65 he
made concert tours through the United States
and in 1865 went to South America, where he
achieved brilliant success in the principal cities.
In November,*1869, he gave a great festival in
Rio de Janeiro with six hundred fifty musicians,
but swooned during the performance of " ilorte, ' '
his favorite composition, and never recovered
his health. Gottschalk was lavish in his exjiend-
itures to relieve the poor, and repeatedly gave
concerts for the benefit of charitable objects.
He was a chevalier of the orders of Isabella the
Catholic, Charles III. and Lion of Holstein-Lim-
bourg; a member of the philharmonic societies of
Bordeaux, New York, Havana and Rio de Janeiro ;
and the recipient of many medals and other
honore. Among his more important composition,
not already mentioned are, operas: Charles IX. and
lannra de Salerno ; about twelve songs; and nearly
ninety works for piano-forte, including: The Last
Hope, Le Chant dii Soldat, La Marche de Nnit, Les
Souvenirs d'Andalonsie and La Valse Poetique
(1855); Cohtmhia, La Marche Solennelle and La
Chute des Feuilles (1856) ; La Nuit des Tropiques, a
symphony (1857); Murmnres Eoliens ; Dernier
Amour; JUorte ; Le Banjo; lieflets du Passe ; Sos-
plro; Berceuse, V Extase ; V Etincelle ; Printemps
d.'Amorir; Bergere et Cavalier; L'Apotheose; and
Le Grand Scherzo. See his Life and Letters
liy Octavia Hensel; and Notes of a Pianist
edited by his sister, Clara, and translated from
the French by R. E. Peterson (1881). He died in
Rio de .Janeiro. Brazil, S.A., Dec. 18. 1869.
QOUGIi, John Bartholemew, reformer, was born in Samlygate, Kent, England, Aug. 22, 1817, His father, a soldier in the Peninsular war, died in 1827, and his mother, from whom he ac- quired his education, sent the lad to the United States in 1829, where he worked on a farm in Oneida county, N.\'.. for two years ;uid then learned the trade of bookljinder in New Y'ork city His
mother and sister im- migrated to New York in 1832, and the next year he lost his situation and the family were reduced to desti- tution. His mother died and he became a wan- dering minstrel and actor and a constant patron
of the grog shop He was married in 1839 and
established a shop for bookbinding, but his habits
used up his earnings and his wife and child died
from neglect. In 18-12, while in Worcester, Mass. ,
a victim to delirium tremens, he was induced by
a Quaker temperance lecturer to sign the pledge.
He kept it for a time, but old companions induced
him to drink and this violation he regretted and
confessed at a public meeting in Worcester. He
was married again in 1843 and then devoted him-
self to lecturing, speaking whenever he could
get an audience, and for any sum from seventy-
flve cents upwards. He spoke every day and
often twice in one day. and for seventeen years
his only topic was temperance. At least 5000
audiences listened to him, spellbound by his
eloquence. He lectured in England, Scotland and
Ireland, in 18,53-54, under difficulties incident to
unsympathetic audiences, but in 1857-CO with
great success, and in 1878 even the Oxonians re-
ceived him with distinguished attention. After
ISOO he added to his subject of temperance " Elo-
iiuence and Orators"; "Peculiar People";
•• Facts and Fiction " ; " Habit " ; " Curiosity " ;
" Circumstances "; " Will it Pay '"; " Now and
Then"; "Night Scenes"; and "Blunders."
From 1861 to the time of his death he delivered
3526 lectures, or in all during his career, 9600, to
9,000,000 hearers. In his library he had four
lai-ge volumes containing over 140,000 autographs
of men, women and childien whom he had per-
sonally induced to sign the pledge. He could
control a crowd made up of the worst class found
in the dens and haunts of vice, as readily as he
could an audience of intellectual lecture-goers.
He was a zealous Christian, but in liis public;
addresses never offensively obtruded either his
religious or political beliefs. Amherst conferred
on him the honoi'ary degree of A.M. in 1863. He
published Antobior/raphij (1846 et seq); Orations
(1854); Temperance (1870); Temperance Lectures
(1879), and Sunlight and Shadow, or Gleanings
from my Life Work (1880). He died during a
lecture tour, at Frankford, Pa. Feb. 18, 1886.
GOULD, Aug:ustus Addison, conchologist.was born in New Ipswicli, N.H.. April 23, 1805. son of Nathaniel Dureu Gould ; and grandson of Reu- ben Duren. He was graduated from Harvarcl in arts and sciences in 1825 and in medicine in 1830, settling in Boston. Mass., to practise his profes- sion. In 1856 he was made visiting physician to the Massachusetts general hospital. Becoming more and more interested in natural history he turned bis attention particularly to conchology. He taught botanj- and zoology in Cambridge for two years, assisted Sir Charles Lyell. the English naturalist, in his geological investigations in the LTnited States, and examined and reported on the shells brought back by the Wilkes exploring
