having an office in New York city. In 1884 he was recalled to the pastorate of the First church of Cleveland. In 1869 he was elected a trustee of Western Reserve college and was influential in securing the removal of the college from Hudson to Cleveland in 1881. He was elected president of Adelbert college and Western Reserve university, November, 1887, began his administration in December and on Jan. 24, 1888, was inaugurated. This office he filled for three years a ad during his administration founded the Cleveland college for women, and largely augmented the equipment and enriched the course of study in Adelbert college. He resigned to give himself to the pastorate more fully and was made vice-president of the university and biblical instructor in the college for women, in 1891. The degree of D.D. was conferred by Wooster university in 1878, that of LL.D. by Amherst and Marietta in 1888. He is the author of: Lay Effort (1875); Death and Beyond (1876); Amusements (1880); American Heroes on Mission Fields (1883); The Bible and Current Thought, Midsummer Discourses (1891); Brightening the World (1893); and numerous magazine articles.
HAYES, Augustus Allen, chemist, was born
in Windsor, Vt., Feb. 28, 1806. He was graduated
from the Norwich military school in 1823,
and studied chemistry under Prof. James Freeman
Dana at Dartmouth, 1823-26. He was assistant
professor of chemistry in the New Hampshire
medical college, 1826-28, and an expert chemist
in Boston, Mass. , 1828-82. He was the discoverer
of the organic alkaloid sanguinaria; invented in
1838 a novel arrangement of steam boilers for the
economical generation of steam: and first suggested
the application of oxides of iron in refining
pig-iron; and a process for the production of saltpetre
from sodium nitrate by the action of potassium
hydroxide. He was [state assayer of Massachusetts
and author of papers on The Cause of
the Color of Lake Leman, Geneva; The Bed Oxide of
Zinc in New Jersey, and technical papers contributed
to the Proceedings of various scientific
societies of which he was a member and to
the American Journal of Science. He received the
honorary degree of M.D. from Dartmouth in 1846.
He died in Brookline, Mass., June 21, 1882.
HAYES, Ellen, educator, was born in Grandville, Ohio, Sept. 23, 1851; daughter of Charles and Ruth (Wolcott) Hayes; granddaughter of Horace and Rebecca (Winchell) Wolcott; and a descendant of Henry Wolcott, who was born in Somersetshire, came to America, 1630, settled at Windsor, Conn. She was graduated from Oberlin college, Ohio, in 1878, was instructor and associate professor at Wellesley college, 1880-88, and was made professor of applied mathematics there in 1888. She was elected a member of the American mathematical society in November. 1895, and a member of the geological society. She delivered lectures on educational and sociological questions and is the author of 'Higher Algedra (1897); and Trigonometry (1896).
HAYES, Isaac Israel, explorer, was born in Chester county, Pa., March 5, 1832. He was of English and Irish extraction. He was educated at the district school at Westtown academy and at the University of Pennsylvania where he graduated in medicine in 1853. He was surgeon and naturalist in the second Arctic exploring expedition of Dr. E. K. Kane, 1853-56. He was the first civilized man to reach Grinnell Land in May, 1854, and in his journey along the coast he travelled as far as Cape Frazer 79° 45' north latitude. On Aug. 28, 1854, with eight others he left the ice-locked Advance under command of Petersson, a Norwegian, in an attempt to reach Upernavik. This journey was made with the permission but under the protest of Dr. Kane, who demanded a renunciation of all claims on the rest of the party left with the ship. After almost indescribable hardships they returned frozen and starved to the ship in December, 1854. A better organized and better provisioned expedition, made up of the entire ship's officers and crew under Dr. Kane piloted by Dr. Hayes, abandoned the Advance and made the long journey to Upernavik with sledges and small boats, reaching the place in safety Aug. 6, 1855. On his return to the United States, Dr. Hayes wrote an account of the journey and lectured on Ills Arctic experiences. He obtained a public subscription that enabled him to fit out the schooner United States for exploring the open polar sea. He sailed in command of the expedition, July 7, 1860, wintered in latitude 78° 18' near Littleton island and in May, 1861, crossed Kane sea and travelled on foot over Grinnell Land to a point he named Cape Lieber which he represented to be latitude 80° 35' N. longitude, 70° 30' W. within 480 miles of the north pole, but more recent explorers make the point to have been Cape Joseph Good, 80° 15' N. 70 W. He took out his ship July 10, 1861, and in it explored the eastern shore of EUesmere Land being the first white man to land there. In 1869 on board the Panther he visited Greenland with William Bradford, the
