HAZARD
HAZARD
1857, aided in inijiroving the village and the
roads, and built five stone bridges. With his
father he established the Hazard professorship of
physics at Brown university, and he left §100,000
to that institution, $'20,000 to the Narragansett
library association and made various other be-
quests. He publislied adrlresses delivered an-
nually at the south county fairs; a paper on
the Credit Mubilier of America (1881); review
articles on economic subjects; papers on scientific
and philosophic themes; translations from Ger-
man lyrics, original sonnets, and an address at
the laying of tiie corner-stone of the state capitol.
He died at Watkius. X.Y.. Aug. 1(5. 1898.
HAZARD, Rowland Gibson, financier, was born in South Kingstown, R.I.. Oct. 9, 1801; son of Rowland and ^hlry (Peace) Hazard; brother of Thomas Robinson Hazard; and a direct descend- ant in the seventh generation from Thomas Hazard, an original proprietor of Aquidneck is- land. He acquired his education at the schools of Burlington, N.J., Bristol, Pa., and finally at the Friends' boarding school,
Westtown. Pa. In 1819, with his eldest brotlier, Isaac Peace Hazard, he engaged in manufacturing at Peace Dale, R.I. In 1866 he retired from business, having
amassed a fortune, '^^Z^(^Lyl leaving his factories in the charge of his sons, Rowland and John Newbold Hazard. He was a member of the Rhode Island general assembly in 18.j1-,j2, 18r>4-.>5, and 1880-81, and served in the state senate in 1866-67. He was early identified with the Free Soil and Anti- Slavery parties and was one of the founders of the Repuldican party, attending its first conven- tion in Pittsburg, also going as a delegate to the Philadelpliia convention of 1856 and the Chicago conventions of 1860 and 1868. His early connec- tion with this party was so prominent that the southern newspapers warned southern people not to buj^ " Hazard's goods, and lie was obliged to give up his trade in that .section. In 1851 he introduced to the legislature of his state and caused the passage of a bill limiting the assumed absolute right, then claimed by railroad corpo rations, of taking private property, and obliged them to give certain public l)enefits for property taken. The principles which he then advocated were universally acknowledged to be sound and equitable. He united with the Union Pacific
railniad company with tiie understanding that he
was to have no part in its business management,
but when the affairs of the company became
involved he put the company on a solid basis by
jiersonal labor anil direct advances. During the
civil war he did much to su.stain the national
credit, and was oflFered an official position in the
treasurj' department, which he declined. He
visited Europe three times and while in England
formed a friendship with John Stuart Mill, the
pliilosopher. His own philosophical writings
were read with interest throughout the English
speaking world of learning. On Sept. 25, 1828,
he was married to Caroline, daughter of John
Newbold of Bloomsdale, Pa. He was a trustee
of Brown university, 1869-75, and a fellow, 1875-
88. From Brown he received the honorary
degree of A.M. in 1845 and that of LL.D. in 1869.
He gave to the university $40,000, which was
used to endow the Hazard "' professorsliip of
phj'sics. Tliough constantly employed in busi-
ness he found time for much writing, and pub-
lished among other works: Et^say on Language
(1834); The Adaptation of the Universe to the Culti-
vation of the Mind (1840); Canses of Decline of
Political Morality (1841); The Philosophical Char-
acter of Channing (1844); The lielations of liailroad
Corporations to the Public (1849); The Duty of In-
dividuals to Support Science and Literature (1855);
The Besources of the United States (1864); The
Freedom of the Mind in Willing (1866); Essays on
Finance and Hours of Labor (1868); Causation and
Freedom in Willing addressed to John Stuart Mill
(1809). He died at Peace Dale, R.I., June 24, 1888.
HAZARD, Samuel, merchant, was born in
Philadelphia, Pa., March 20, 1713-14; the second
son of Nathaniel and Deborah Hazard. He en-
gaged in mercantile business in New York city;
was an active elder of the Wall Street Presby-
terian church, founded by his ancestors; and a
medium of communication between the synods
of New York and Philadelphia. He was married
in New Y^ork, October, 1739, to Catharine,
daughter of Matthew and Cornelia (dePeyster)
Clarkson of that city, by whom he had seven
children. His wife was a sister of Matthew
Clarkson, fourth mayor of Philadelphia; and of
Anna, wife of the Rev. Samuel Finley, fifth
president of the College of New Jersey, 1761-66.
She died, Aug. 15, 1788. On removing his resi-
dence to Pliiladelphia, Mr. Hazard was one of
the founders and a manager of the Pennsylvania
hospital; a trustee of the College of New Jersey,
1748-57; one of the founders of the University of
Pennsylvania, 1749, and of the First and Second
Presbyterian churches of Pliiladelphia. With the
early history of Philailelphia and the times of
the great revival under the preaching of White-
field and of Gilbert and William Tennent, the
