HOFFMAN
HOFFMAN
admitted to the bar on liis twenty-first birthday,
Jan. 10, 1849, and in the fall of that year removed
to New York city, where lie formed a partner-
ship with Samuel ^M. "Woodruff and Jud-re "Wil-
liam 31. Leonard, under the firm name Wood-
ruff, Leonard & HofT-
man. He was mar-
ried in 1854 to Ella,
daughter of Henry
Starkweather, of New
York city. In 1859
liis name was put for-
ward as U.S. district
attorney, but Presi-
dent Buchanan ob-
jected to his appoint-
ment on account of
his youth. In 1860
lie was elected re-
corder of the city of
New York, the young-
est man who had
ever lield the place, and he was re-elected in
1863, receiving a large majority of the votes polled.
He was elected mayor of New Y^'ork in 1864,
and during his term was nominated for governor
of the state, but was defeated by Reuben E.
Fenton. He was re-elected mayor in 1867 and
in 1868, while holding the office, was elected
governor of the state, resigning the mayoralty
to assume the office. He was re-elected in 1870,
serving until 1872. In three sessions of the
legislature he vetoed 402 bills, all his vetoes being
sustained by the legislature. In July, 1871, he
was active in suppressing the Orange riots. He
was a trustee of Union college, 1882-86, and re-
ceived the degree of LL.D. from that institution
in 1869 and from the College of New Jersej^ in
1870. The Public Papers of Governor Hoff-
man were published in 1872. He died in "Wies-
baden, Germany, March 24, 1888.
HOFFHAN, John Wesley, scientist, was born in Charleston, S.C, Aug. 11, 1869 ; son of Henry and Barbara (Wright) Hoffman. He received his preparatory education in his native city, studied for a time at Wilberforce university, Ohio, and at Albion college, Michigan, and was graduated from Howard university. Washington, D.C., in 1889. He took a post-graduate course in chemistry at Harvard university in 1889, and in 1890 entered the Michigan Agricultural college at Lansing, where he took the regular course in dairy science and agricultural chemistry. He studied dairy bacteriology under Dr. Herbert W. Conn (q. v.), 1890-91, and was the first member of the colored race to introduce the dairy science in the south. He was professor of agricultural biology at Tuskegee Normal and Industrial institute, 1894-96, where he introduced truck
gardening and scientific dairying. He also made
a dietary study of the kind, quantity and quality
of the food used by the negroes of the "'great
black belt of the south," aiul his report was pub-
lished by the U.S. department of agricuhvue as
a valuable contribution to the dietetic .studies of
the different races of the world, and was
translated into several languages. In 1895 he
introduced among the colored people of the
south, farmers' institutes, which proved of great
practical benefit in promoting advanced agricul-
ture. He was the first scientist in the .south to
report to the U.S. department of agriculture the
appearance of the parasitic insect called the
" San Jose scale." In 1896 he became professor
of agricultural biology and director of the de-
partment of agricultural science in the State
Agricultural and Mechanical college, Orange-
burg, S.C. He was elected a fellow of the
Microscopical society, Montreal, Canada,. 1893 ;
of the Roj-al Agricultural society, 1894 ; a mem-
ber of the Torrey Botanical club, Columbia
college, 1893; of the National Dairy association,
1894 ; of the National Association of Agricultural
Colleges and Experimental Stations, 1894; of the
Boston Society of Natural History, 1895 ; of the
Royal Societ}' of Biology and Bacteriology of
Berlin, 1895 ; of the Massachusetts Horticultural
society, 1896, for originating a new variety of
strawberiy known as the "Hoffman seedling" ;
of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, 1897 ; of the American Society
of Naturalists, 1897 ; a fellow of the American
Geographical society, 1898, and of the New York
Zoloogical society, 1898 ; and a member of the
Boston Mj-cological society, 1898. He received the
degree of Ph.D. from the University of Cincin-
nati in 1893. He is the author of numerous re-
ports and papers on agricultural economy.
HOFFflAN, nichael, representative, was born at Half Moon, Saratoga count}-, N.Y., Oct. 11, 1787. His father was born in Germany and his mother was an American of Protestant-Irish parentage. He was educated as a phj-sician, re- ceiving his diploma of M.D. in 1810, but after- ward studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1813, and removed to Herkimer, N.Y., where he became the law partner of Aaron Hackley in 1816. In 1819 he went to Waterloo, Seneca county, where he was district attorney, 1823-25. He was a representative in the 19th, 20th, 21st and 22d congres.ses, serving, 1825-33. During a part of the time he was chairman of the com- mittee on naval affairs. He was judge of Seneca county, 1830-33. and canal commissioner for New York state. 1833-30. and while holding the office prepared several able reports. In 1836 he was elected district attorney of the county, but in the same year he removed to Saginaw, III., where he
