nOTCHKISS
HOUGH
logical seminary in 18G0. He was ordained deacon
in 1860. and priest in 1801. He was rector of the
Church of the Ascension, Claymont, Del., Grace
and Calvary churches, Brandywine Hundred,
Del., and Trinity church, Red Bank, Monmoutli
county, N.J., and in 1877 became rector of St.
Luke the Beloved Physician, Welsh road. Bustle-
ton, Philadelphia, Pa. He served as registi'ar of
the diocese of Philadelphia for several years. He
is the author of : A Pocket Gazetteer of Pennsyl-
vania (1887); Ancient and Modern Germantoicn
(1889); Early Clergy of Pennsylvania and Dela-
loare (1890); Country Clergy of Pennsylvania
(1890); Mornings of the Bible (1890); The York
Road, Old and Neiv. Fox Chase and Bustleton
(1892); Dark Cave Lightened (1893); Tlie Bristol
Pike (1893); Rural Pennsylvania (1897); A
Splendid Inheritance (1898) ; Tiie Giving Saviour
(1898); Tfie Unseen Christ (1899), and contribu-
tions to periodicals.
HOTCHKISS, Benjamin Berkeley, inventor, was born in Watertown, Conn., Oct. 1, 182G. He had few advantages for study, and became a machinist in the employ of Samuel Colt, assisting in the perfection of the Colt revolver. In 18.">6 he designed a rifle field gun, which was purchased by the Mexican government. He removed to New York city in 1860, and the same year in- vented an improved system of percussion fuse for exploding shells, largely used b}' the U.S. govern- ment in the civil war. He commanded an arsenal in New York city during the draft riot of 1863. "While in Paris in 1807 he invented an improved metallic cartridge-case as a substitute for the paper case used in the Frencli army, which was purchased by the French government and manu- factured at St. Etienne. He also at this time made improvements in the guns used in the various European armies, including the intro- duction of tlie revolving principle for cannon. In 1875 he invented the magazine-rifle, and in 1882 the quick-fire gun afterward adopted by France, England and the United States. He formed the firm of Hotchkiss & Co. in 1882 for the manufacture of guns under his patents for the various nations adopting the same. Over 5000 of his heavy guns had been delivered up to the time of his death, and only two were record- ed to have failed. In 1887 the Hotchkiss Ord- nance company was formed, in which three of the original partners of Hotchkiss & Co. were managing directors, and under permission of the several governments a factory was established in the United States, one in England and one in France. He died in Paris, France, Feb. 14, 1885. HOTCHKISS, Giles W., representative, was born in Windsor, Broome county, N.Y., Oct. 25, 1815. He was given a good classical education and became a lawyer in Binghamton, N.Y. He
was a Republican representative in the 38th, 39th
and 41st congresses, 1863-07 and 1869-71. He
died ill Binghamton, N.Y,, July 5, 1878.
HOTCHKISS, Jed, topographer, was born in Windsor, Broome county, N.Y., about 1827. He removed to Staunton, Va., in 1849, where he was a mining geologist, and caused millions of dollars to be invested in coal and iron properties in Virginia. During the civil war he served as topographer for the Confederate army in Vir- ginia and prepared the campaign maps for Lee and Jackson, being chief of staff of engineers to Gen. T. J. Jackson, and after his death on the staff of General Ewell, with the rank of major. After the close of the war he continued to make topographical maps of Virginia and West Vir- ginia in the interest of mining industries, and his maps were the basis of the work done by the U.S. geological survey in that state. In 1882 he was selected by the legislature of Virginia to prepare the MS. left by William B. Rogers, state geolo- gist, deceased, for publication. He was a charter member of the National Geograpliic society in 1888 ; a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, of the British Association for the Advancement of Arts and of the Royal Societ}' of Arts in London. He died in Staunton, Va., Jan. 17, 1899.
HOUQH, David, representative, was born in Norwich, Conn., March 13. 1753. He was a ship- carpenter and was employed in building the ships of Arnold's fleet on Lake Champlain and the frigate Confederacy at Norwich. In 1778 he settled at Lebanon, N.H. He was for many years a member of the state legislature ; was a justice of the peace ; colonel of militia ; a dele- gate to the convention for forming the state con- stitution in 1784 ; and in Jul}-, 1798, was appoint- ed a commissioner of valuation. He was a repre- sentative from New Hampshire in the 8th and 9tli congresses, 1803-07. He died at Lebanon, N.H., April 18, 1831.
HOUQH, Franklin Benjamin, author, was born in Martinsburg, N.Y., July 20, 1822 ; son of Dr. Horatio G. Hough, who removed ffom South- wick, Mass., to Lewis county, N.Y., where he was the first physician to settle in the county. The son wasgraduated at Union, A.B.. 1843; A.M., 1846, and at Cleveland Medical college in 1848. He engaged in teaching, 1843-48, and practised medicine in Somerville, N.Y., 1848-52, and in Albany, N.Y., 1852-60. He was a surgeon in the U.S. array in 1862, and then settled in Lowville, N.Y., and occupied his time in scientific and historical studies. He superintended the state census in 1865 and prepared the pamphlet of instruction to census-takers. He was chief of the forestry division, department of agriculture,
