LEA
LEA
commissary, with the rank of major, and became
colonel of the 52d Tennessee regiment, serving
until he was captured in 1865. In 1876 he was
appointed by Governor Porter judge of the su-
preme court of Tennessee, to take the place of
Judge Freeman. He was attorney-general and
reporter for the state of Tennessee, 1878-86, and
during that time published sixteen volumes of
reports. He was state senator, 1889-90, and
president of the senate. In 1890 he was made
judge of tlie state supreme court to fill the va-
cancy caused by the death of W. C. Folkes, and
in April, 1893, he was elected chief justice in
place of Horace H. Lurton (q.v.) He died in
Brownsville, Tetin.. :\Iarch 15, 1894,
LEA, Henry Charles, author, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 19, 1825; son of Isaac and Frances Anne (Carey) Lea; grandson of James and Elizabeth (Gibson) Lea and of Mat- thew and Bridget (Flahavan) Carey, and a de- scendant of John Lea, of the Society of Friends, who came to America in 1700, and of Christopher Carey and Mary Sher- idan, of Dublin. He received a private education in Phila- delphia, and in 1843 entered the publish- ing house of Lea & Blanchard (founded by Matthew Carey in 1784) , becoming a member of the firm on the retirement of his father in 1851, and head of the firm in 1865. He controlled the business alone until 1880, when he retired, and was succeeded by his sons, the house becoming known as Lea Brothers & Co. He was married, Maj- 27, 1850, to Anna Caroline, daughter of William Latta Jaudon, of Philadelphia. During the civil war he was an active member of the Union league and a bounty commissioner of Philadelphia under the enrollment act, 1863-65. He was an early sup- porter of civil service reform, and in 1871 he founded and was made president of the Citizens' I\Iunicipal Reform association of Philadelphia. He was made' a member of numerous import- ant scientific societies of America and Europe. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1868, from Harvard in 1890, and from Princeton in 1890. Between 1840-60 he wrote many articles on chem- istry and conchology, which appeared in various scientific journals. He is the author of : Sujjer- stition and Force : Essay on the Wager of Law^
the Wager of Battle, the Ordeal and the Torture
(1866) ; An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Cel-
ibacy in the ChHstian Church (1867) ; Studies in
Church Histoi'y : The Rise of the Temporal
Power, Benefit of Clergy, Excommunication and
the Early Church and Slavery (1869); History of
the Inquisition of the Middle Ages (3 vols., 1888-
89); Chapters from the Religious History of S^iain
(1890); Formulary of the Papal Penitentiary in
the Thirteenth Century (1892); History of Auricu-
lar Confession and Indxdgences in the Latin
Church (3 vols., 1896), and in 1901 was far ad-
vanced on a History of the Spanish Inquisition,
based for the most part on original documents.
LEA, Isaac, naturalist, was born in "Wilming-
ton, Del., March 4, 1792; son of James and Eliza-
beth (Gibson) Lea ; grandson of James and Mar-
garet (Marshall) Lea, and of Thomas and Chris-
tina (Harlan) Gibson, and a descendant of ances-
tors who came from Gloucestershire, England, in
1700, and were de-
scribed as " a couple
of noted and valued
preachers." He at-
tended the academy
at Wilmington, Del.,
with a view of enter-
ing the medical pro-
fession, but in 1807
went to Philadelphia,
Pa., and engaged in
mercantile business
with his brother
John. In 1814, hav-
ing volmiteered as a
soldier, he was sus-
pended from the
Society of Friends, although his company was
never called into service. In 1815 his firm was dis-
solved, and in 1820 he entered the printing house
of M. Carey & Sons, where he continued under
the firm name of Carey & Lea, and subsequently
Lea & Blanchard, until 1851, when he retired
from business, his son taking his place. He was
married in 1820 to Frances Anne, daughter of
Matthew Carey. For many years he devoted his
leisure time to science, in which he made a
specialty of fresh water and land mollusks, and
made known to science some two thousand new
forms, recent and fossil. His collection of fresh-
water, marine and land shells, minerals, fossils
and geological specimens known as the Isaac Lea
collection was given to the National museum in
Washington, D.C., where a room is exclusively
devoted to them. He became a member of the
American Philosophical society in 1828, president
of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Phila-
delphia, Pa., 1853-58, and of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science in 1860,
