MACKAYE
McKEAN
by lack of capital, he formed a partnership with
James C. Flood, William S. O'Brien and James
C. Walker in 1864, and when Mr. Walker retired
in 1867 James G. Fair took his place in the firm.
They met with comparatively limited success un-
til 1872, when the discovery of the Bonanza mines,
on a ledge of rock in the Sierra Nevadas under
what is now Virginia City, Nev., made the own-
ers among the richest men of the world. Mr.
Mackay owned two-fifths of these mines. In
1873 the famous silver vein was opened, and from
one mine Mr. Mackay and James G. Fair, who
worked as ordinary miners, took $150,000,000 in
silver and gold. In six years the output from
the mines was over $300,000,000. With Mr. Flood
and Mr. Fair he founded the Bank of Nevada in
San Francisco, Cal., in 1878, and he became its
president. In 1887 he carried it througli a loss of
$11,000,000, sustained through one of its officers
speculating in wheat. He formed a partnership
with James Gordon Bennett,of the New York Her-
ald, in 1884, and laid two cables across the At-
lantic from the United States to England and
France, and the two men continued the sole
owners of the Commercial Cable company, of
which, as well as the Postal Telegraph company,
he was president. He declined the nomination
for U.S. senator from Nevada in 1885, was elected
a director of the Southern Pacific railroad in
1899, and it was due to his enterprise that the
Pacific cable from San Francisco to the Philip-
pine islands was inaugurated. He was married
in 1867 to the widow of Dr. Br.yan, daughter of
John Hungerford, and they had two children,
Jolin William Jr., who was accidentally killed in
Paris in 1895, and Clarence Hungerford, who suc-
ceeded to the management of the estate after his
father's death in London, England, July 20, 1902.
MACKAYE, James Steele, playwright, was
born in Buffalo, N.Y., in 1844. He early evinced
a talent for art, and in 1868 went to Paris to study
painting, but meeting Delsarte he studied dram-
atic expression. In 1870-71 he lectured in New
York and Boston on the science and art of ex-
pression, and devoted the profits to relieve the
needs of Delsarte, who died in Paris in July, 1871.
In January, 1872. he opened the St. James theatre,
New York city, and presented " Monaldi,"
adapted by himself from the French, appearing
in one of the leading rdles. He was again in
Europe, 1873-75, studying the drama in Paris and
England. He appeared as "Hamlet" at the
Crystal Palace, London, at the instance of Tom
Taylor, with wliom he collaborated in " Ark-
wright's Wife " and " Clancarty " ; and he also
wrote "Jealousy" in conjunction with Charles
Reade. In 1875 his adaptation of " Rose Michel"
ran for one hundred and twenty-two nights at
the Union Square theatre, New York city. Soon
after returning to America he opened the Ly-
ceum School of Acting, which subsequently de-
veloped into the American Academy of Dramatic
Arts, and among his more noted pupils were
John McCullough and Harry Montague. Mr.
Mackay e was manager of the Madison Square
theatre for some years, and while holding this
position he invented and introduced the double-
elevated stage and the elevated orchestra. In
1885 he built the Lyceum tlieatre, in which he
introduced his inventions of a disappearing or-
chestra and folding chairs. Among his plays not
previously mentioned, which were produced in
America, are: Queen and Woman (1876); Twins
(with A. C. Wheeler, 1876); Won at Last (1877);
Tfirough the Dark (1878); An Iron Will (1879),
re-named Hazel Kirke, and produced with phe-
nomenal success at the Madison Square theatre
(1880); A FooVs Errand (1881); Dakolar (1884);
In Spite of All (1885); Rienzi, re-written for Law-
rence Barrett (1886) ; Anarchy, afterward named
Paid Kauvar (1887), and Money Mad, adapted
from Through the Dark (1890). He died at Tim-
pas, Col., Feb. 25, 1894.
MACKAY-SMITH, Alexander, clergyman, was born in New Haven, Conn., June 2, 1850; son of Nathan and Caroline (Bradley) Smith, and grandson of U.S. Senator Nathan Smith. He was educated at St. Paul's school. Concord, N.H., was graduated from Trinity college in 1872, and studied in England and Germany. He was ad- mitted to the diaconate of the Protestant Epis- copal church in 1876, and was ordained priest in 1877. He was rector of Grace church. South Boston, Mass., 1877-80 ; preacher at St. Thomas's, New York city, 1880-86, and declined an election as coadjutor bishop of Kansas in 1886. He be- came the first archdeacon of New York city in 1887, and served in that capacity until 1893, when he became rector of St. John's parish, Washington, D.C., and archdeacon of Washing- ton in 1900. He was elected bishop coadjutor of Pennsylvania in 1902, and was consecrated at Holy Trinity church, Philadelphia, May 1, 1902, by Bishops Doane, Scarborough and Whitehead. He received the degree of D.D. from Hobart and Trinity college in 1889.
McKEAN, James Bedell, representative, was born in Hoosick, N.Y., Aug. 5, 1821 ; son of the Rev. Andrew and Catherine B. McKean. and a descendant of Thomas McKean, the signer. His father was one of the pioneers of Methodism in nortlieastern New York, and removed to a farm at Half moon, N.Y. , in 1828. James Bedell worked on his father's farm ; attended the academy at Jonesi'ille ; taught there for several terms ; estab- lislied a select school at Clifton Park, and served as superintendent of public schools. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1847 ; practised at Ballston
