MANUCY
MAPES
w^
of the Mineral Land association of Montana, an
organization tlirough which the mineral lauds of
the state were preserved to the people. He was
a delegate to the Republican national conventions
of 1884 and 1896, and both times chairman of the
delegation. In 1893 the legislature failed to elect a U.S. sen- ator, and Mantle be- ing the nominee of liis party, Governor Colcord appointed him to fill the vac- ancy. On August 28, 1893, the U.S. senate decided by a vote of 32 to 29 that when a state legislature fails to elect a U.S. senator to fill an exist- ing vacancy, or one about to occur by limitation, the governor of the state cannot con- stitutionally appoint, and he was therefore refused the seat. On Jan. 15, 1895, he was elected to the vacancy with practically no opposition. In 1896 and 1898 he was the leader of the Silver Republi- can party of Montana and one of the national leaders of that party. In 1900 he returned to the old Republican organization, upon the ques- tion of expansion. In 1901 he was the caucus nominee of the Republican members of the Mon- tana legislature for U.S. senator, but failed to be ■elected.
MANUCY, Dominic, R.C. bishop, was born at St. Augustine, Fla., Dec. 20, 1823. He attended Spring Hill college, Ala., and a school in New Orleans, La., and was ordained priest, Aug. 15, 18)0, at Mobile. Ala., by Bishop Portier. He was stationed at the cathedral of the Immaculate Con- ception, 1850-64. and was pastor of St. Peter's, Montgomer}', Ala., 1864-74. He was made titular bishop of Dulma and appointed the first vicar apostolic of Brownsville, Texas, and was conse- "Crated at the cathedral of the Immaculate Concep- tion, Mobile, Dec. 8, 1874, by Archbishop Perche, assisted by Bishop Elder of Natchez, Miss., and Bishop Dubuis of Galveston, Texas. At that time the country was inhabited chiefly by roving Mexicans. Bishop Manucy established nine churches and secured the service of the Oblate Brothers, the Ursuline Sisters and the Sisters of the Incarnate Word. Under his guidance schools were formed at Laredo; Brownsville and Corpus "Christi; academies at San Patricio and Refugio; St. Joseph's college in charge of the Oblate Brothers at Brownsville; a high school at Laredo, and several free parochial schools. He was trans- ferred bishop of Mobile, and administrator of
Brownsville in March, 1884, as successor to the
Rt. Rev. John Quinlan, deceased. He resigned
both posts in 1884 and was reappointed vicar-
apostolic of Brownsville with the titular see of
•' Maronea," but died before he could remove to
that place. He died in Mobile, Ala., Dec. 4, 1885.
MAPES, Charles Victor, agricultural chemist, was born in New York city, July 4, 1836; son of James Jay and Sophia (Furman) Mapes. He was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1857, and intended to study medicine, but ill-health prevented, and in 1858 he entered the counting room of B. M. & E. A. Whitlock& Co., wholesale grocers in New York. In 1859 he formed a partnership with B. M. Whitlock, for the purpose of dealing in agri- cultural implements and fertilizers in the cotton states and the business was ruined by the civil war. He engaged exclusivel}'^ in the manufacture and importation of chemical fertilizers. 1862-74, and from 1874 devoted all his leisure time to the investigation of the special requirements for plant food. He introduced special crop man- ures in the United States, first in 1874 by pre- paring fertilizers adapted to the growth of Irish potatoes. He was associated with Prof. W. O. Atwater of the national experiment station at Washington, D.C., in making soil tests, and founded and became president of the Mapes Formula and Peruvian Guano company of New York. He was a member of the chemical depart- ment of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science; the American Chemical society; and president of the New York chemical and fertilizer exchange from its organization in 1888. He was married, June 25, 1863, to Martha Meeker Halsted, granddaughter of Chancellor Halsted of New Jersey, and his son. Cliarles Halsted Mapes, continued the business of agricul- tural chemist founded by his grandfather and father. He contributed to scientific journals and published articles in pamphlet form, and in the reports of the New Jersey state board of agricul- ture.
MAPES, James Jay, agricultural chemist, was born in New York city, May 29, 1806; son of Gen. Jonas and Elizabeth (Tylee) Mapes; grandson of James Mapes, of Long Island, and a descendant of Thomas Mapes, who came from England in 1640 and was one of the first settlers of Southampton, L.I. After leaving school he was employed as a chemist's clerk until 1827, when he entered business for himself. He was married in that year to Sophia, daughter of Judge Garrit Furman of ISfaspeth, L.I. He invented a system of sugar refining in 1831, a machine for manufacturing sugar from the cane, and a proc- ess for making sugar from West India molasses, which he introduced in the West Indies where he engaged in sugar refining, but was not sue-
