MARSHALL
MARSHALL
urged to enter into negotiations after the with-
drawal of his colleagues he refused to do so.
Marshall arrived in New York, June 17, 1798, and
was received with great enthusiasm, and a public
banquet was given to him by both houses of
HOME QF CHIEF JUSTce. /^^ARSHAL^-.
congress. It was at this dinner that the famous reply of Pinckney to the French Directory in '1796 — " Millions for defence but not a cent for tribute "—was used as a toast. Marshall imme- diately resumed his law practice in Virginia and declined the appointment of justice of the supreme court of the United States tendered him by President Adams, Sept. 26, 1798. He was a Federal representative in the 6th congress, 1799- 1801; and was appointed secretary of state in the reorganized cabinet of President Adams, May 12, 1800. During liis administration of state affairs, the treaty with France was ratified. While serv- ing as secretary of state he was appointed chief justice of the United States to succeed Chief- Justice Ellsworth, resigned, and took the oath of office, Feb. 4, 1801. He presided throughout the February term but by special request of the President he continued to act as secretary of state until the close of Adams's administration. It was before Marshall as chief jastice that the celebrated trial of Aaron Burr was held and a verdict of acquittal was rendered. Ha was a member of the Virginia state convention of 1829 and spoke with great earnestness on the matter of changing the manner of appointment of the judges and magistrates of the commonwealth and the length of their term of office. Altliough op- posed to the general principles of Jackson's ad- ministration he most heartily approved his treat- ment of nullification. He is the author of a Life of Washington (5 vols., 1804-07) written and published at the request of Washington's family from records and private papers which were placed at his disposal. The first volume was afterward published separately under the title of A History of the American Colonies (1824) and the entire work was subsequently revised and
condensed into two volumes in 1832. The honor-
ary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by the
College of New Jersey in 1802, by Harvard
in 1808, and by the University of Pennsylvania in
1815. He was a member of the American Philo-
sophical society; a fellow of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, and correspond-
ing member of the Massachusetts Historical
society. He received a pU*ce in the Hall of Fame
for Great Americans, New York university, at the
election in October, 1900, in Class J, Judges and
Lawyers, receiving 91 votes, the highest number
in the class, and, except Washington, Webster,
Lincoln, Franklin, and Grant, the highest in the
election. On Feb. 4, 1901, the supreme court of
the United States, with the aid and support of the
President and congress, celebrated the one hun-
dredth anniversary of the day on which he took
his seat for the first time in the supreme court of
the United States, and by common consent all
judicial business throughout the country ceased,
and state, city and county bar associations held
appropriate exercises, as did colleges, law and
public schools. His health began to decline at
the opening of the session of the supreme court
in 1835, although he presided throughout the ses-
sion. He died in Pliiladelphia, Pa., July 6, 1835.
MARSHALL* Louis, educator, was born at
Oak Hill, Fauquier county, Va., Oct. 7, 1773; son
of Col. Thomas (1730-1802) and Mary Randolph
(Keith) Marshall, grandson of Capt. John ( " of
the Forest ") and Elizabeth (Markham) Marshall.
He removed with his father to Lexington, Ky.,
in 1785 and received a classical education at
home. He studied medicine and surgery at
Edinburgh and Paris and resided in Paris during
the French revolution. He was one of the party
of students engaged in the attack on the Bastile,
was present at the massacre of the Swiss guards
witnessed the murder of Prince de Lamballe,
was arrested and imprisoned for several years,
and was at one time condemned to death, but his
life was saved by the stratagem of the turnkey.
His brothers Jolin and James, then in Paris as
representatives from the United States, procured
his release. He then returned to America, and
was married at Frankfort, Ky., to Agatha Smith,
and liis fatlier gave him the estate " Buckpond '
in Woodford county, Ky., where he began the
practice of his profession in 1800 and also estab-
lished a private school, where many of his
nepliews were educated. He abandoned medicine
shortly afterward and opened an academy at
Woodford, Ky., which he taught until 1830, his
pupils including sons of the best families of Ken-
tucky. He was president of Washington college,
Lexington, Va.. 1830-34, and president of Tran-
sylvania university, Lexington, Ky.. 1855-66. He
died at " Buckpond," Ky., in April, 1866.
