MULLEN
MULLINS
Azarias; was professor of mathematics and Eng-
lish literature and president for several years, in
Rock Hill college, 1866-77. and visited Europe
1867-68, where he studied Frencli and English
literature. He was professor of rhetoric and Eng-
lish literature in the De la Salle institute in New
York city, 1868-93; was one of the founders of
the Catholic summer school at Plattsburgh, N.Y.,
and a lecturer tliere. He also lectured on " Psy-
chological Aspects of Education " before the re-
gents of the University of the State of New York
(1877); on "Literary and Scientific Habits of
Thought" before the International congress of
education at the New Orleans exposition (1884);
"Tlie Relation of Church and State" before the
Franiingiiam School of Philosophy (1890); " Re-
ligion in Education " before the New York State
teachers association (1891), and read papers on
"Dante" and "Aristotle" before the Concord
School of Philosophy. He wrote for American and
European magazines and reviews, and is the au-
thor of: Philosophy of History (1874); Develop-
ment of English Thought (1880); Address on
Thinking (1883); Culture of the SpiiHtical Sense
(1887); Style as found in Herbert Spencers Works;
Phases of Thought and Criticism, and Aristotle
and the Christian Church. He had in preparation
The History of Education from the Earliest Ages
to the Present Day and a History of English Litera-
ture. He died at Plattsburg, N.Y., Aug. 20, 1898.
MULLEN, Tobias, R.C. bishop, was born in
the parish of Urney, near Castlefin, county
Tyrone, Ireland, March 4, 1818; son of Thomas
and Mary (Travers) Mullen. He attended Castlefin
school, and Maynooth college, where he studied
theology and received minor orders. He came
to the United States with Bishop 0'Connor(q.v.)
of Pittsburg, Pa. , who was returning from Rome
after consecration in 1843; finished his theolog-
ical studies, and was ordained priest by Bishop
O'Connor in St. Paul's Church, Pittsburg, Septem-
ber 1, 1844. He held various pastoral charges in
the diocese of Pittsburg; was transferred to the
rectorship of St. Peter's church at Allegheny,
Pa., in 1854, and served as vicar-general of the
diocese of Pittsburg, 1834-68. He was consecrated
bishop of Erie, Pa., in St. Paul's church, Pitts-
burg, Aug. 2, 1868, by Bishop Domenec, assist-
ed by Bishops Wood and Rappe. The Roman
Catholic population of his diocese increased under
his administration from 80,000 to 60,000; the
churches from fifty-five to ninety-nine, and the
priests from thirty-five ♦^o seventy-three. He also
built a college at Northwest, Pa., and established
academies for young ladies, under the direction
of the Benedictine nuns and sisters of St. Josepli.
He celebrated the silver jubilee of his consecra-
tion, Aug. 2, 1893, and the golden jubilee of his
ordination, Sept. 9. 1894. He was stricken vrith
paralysis in 1897, and was thereafter assisted by
Bishop John E. Fitz Maurice. He resigned in
1899, and was aitpointed to the titular see of Ger-
manicapolis. He died in Erie, Pa., April 22, 1900.
MULLIGAN, James A., soldier, was born in Utica, N.Y., June 25, 1830. His father, a native of Ireland, died when he was a child, and in 1836 his mother removed to Chicago, 111., where she married Michael Lantry. James was graduated at the University of St. Mary's of the Lake, A.B., 1850, A.M., 1853, being its first graduate. He studied law in the office of Judge Dickey in Chicago, 1850-51; accompanied John Lloyd Ste- phens on his expedition to Panama and through South America, 1851-52; studied law under J. Y. Scammon in 1852, and in the office of Arnold, Larned & Lay, 1852-54. He also edited the West- em Tablet in 1854, was admitted to the bar in November, 1855, and was a clerk in the Interior department, Washington, D.C., 1857-58. He was married in 1858 to Marian Nugent of Chicago. He practised law in Chicago with his former partner, Henry S. Fitch, 1858-61. He was a priv- ate, lieutenant, and captain in the Shield's Guard, Chicago; raised a volunteer Irish regiment in 1861 , and was appointed its major. The regiment was tendered to Governor Yates, who refused it, whereupon Major Mulligan applied to Secretary Cameron, who gave him authority to raise the 23d Illinois volunteers, and it was mustered into the service, June 15, 1861, and at once sent to Missouri, where he conducted the defense of Lex- ington for nine days against an overwhelming force, commanded by General Sterling Price. The garrison surrendered September 20, 1861, and the officers and men were paroled, with the exception of Colonel Mulligan who refused to sign a parole. He was exchanged for General Frost, November 25, 1861, and returned to Chicago, where he was received and feted by the city of Chicago, as the hero of Lexington. President Lincoln tendered him a commission as brigadier-general of volun- teers which he declined, preferring to remain with his regiment. He was ordered into West- ern Virginia in 1862, where he engaged in a suc- cession of dangerous enterprises — and although only a colonel, was charged with responsibilities generally assumed only by a major-general. He was severely wounded at the battle of Winches- ter, Va., July 24, 1864, and was being borne from the field by his men, wlien he noticed that the colors of the regiment were in danger. He com- manded his men to lay him down and save the flag, and on repeating the order he was obe}'ed, captured by the enemy, and died within their lines. He died at Winchester, Va., July 26, 1864.
MULLINS, Edgar Young, educator, was born in Franklin county, Miss., January 5. 1860: son of Seth Cranberry and Cornelia B. (Tillman)
