PULLIsIAN
PULSIFER
of Poland, and his estates were confiscated, and
a price set upon his head. He escaped into Turkey
in 1772 found refuge in Paris in 1775 ; and became
interested in the efforts of the American colon-
ists to acquire their independence, through his
acquaintance with Benjamin Franklin who
induced him to join the patriot army, and in
March, 1777, he was welcomed on the staff of
General Washington. He took part in the battle
of Brandyvvine, Sept. 11, 1777, and for his masterly
aid in the retreat was appointed chief of dra-
goons with the rank of brigadier-general, Sept.
15, 1777. By prompt action at Warren Tarern
he again saved the army from a surprise, and he
commanded the dragoons at the battle of Ger-
mantown, Oct. 4, 1777. He co-operated with
Gen. Anthony Wayne during the winter of 1777-
78, and resigned his command in March, 1778,
upon learning of the dissatisfaction of the Ameri-
can officers under him who objected to being
commanded by a foreigner who exacted such
strict discipline and who could not speak English
distinctly. Washington approved of a sugges-
tion made by Pulaski to recruit a corps made up
of lancers, light infantry, deserters and prisoners
of war in Baltimore for special service, and con-
gress authorized its acceptance. The corps,
known as Pulaski's Legion, did good service at
Little Egg Harbor, N.J., in September, 1778, and
was stationed during the winter of 1778-79 at
Minesink, N.J., where, becoming dissatisfied
with an inferior command, Pulaski decided to
return to Europe. General Washington, how-
ever, prevailed upon him to remain, and ordered
him to Charleston, S.C. , where he arrived May 8,
1779. He held the invested city against repeated
assaults until the arrival of re-enforcements on
May 13, and when Prevost retreated across the
Ashley, Pulaski followed and finally obliged the
British army to leave the state. He joined Gen.
John Mcintosh at Augusta, Ga., in September,
1779, and moved on to Savannah by way of
Beaufort, S.C, where he opened communication
with the French fleet. During the siege he had
command of the entire cavalry, and in the assault
of Oct. 9, 1779, he received his mortal wound. Con-
gress voted a monument to his memory, but failed
to carry the act into execution. The people of
Savannah, however, completed one, the corner-
stone of which was laid by Lafayette in 1824 ;
and the monument was completed in 1855, on
Pulaski square. Savannah. He died on board the
brig Was}}, near Savannah, Ga., Oct. 11, 1779.
PULLMAN, George Mortimer, capitalist, was born in Chautauqua county, N.Y., March 3, 1831; son of James Lewis and Emilj' Caroline Pullman. He attended the public schools irregularly ; en- gaged as a clerk and later as a cabinet maker, and in 1853 contracted to move buildings along
the Erie canal, then being widened. In 1857 he
removed to Chicago, 111., where he engaged as a
contractor and builder. In 1858 he became in-
terested in providing better accommodation for
travelers on the railroads, and in 1859 remodeled
two day coaches of the Chicago and Alton rail-
road as sleeping cars at a cost of $4,000 each. The
enterprise was temporarily abandoned, owing to
the reluctance of the railroad companies to change
their methods. He engaged in merchandising in
the mineral regions of Colorado, 1859-63, during
which time he worked out the details of the
sleeping car. He returned to Chicago in 1864,
and began the construction of sleeping and parlor
cars. He was married, June 13, 1867, to Hattie.
daughter of J. Y. Sanger of Chicago. He built
the palace car " Pioneer " at a cost of $18,000,
which he placed on the Chicago and Alton rail-
road at his own cost and venture, and subse-
quently placed sleeping and palace cars on the
Michigan Central, and Chicago, Burlington and
Quincy railroads and on the Great Western rail-
way of Canada. He next introduced the dining
car on the Union Pacific railroad, and continued
to develop his ideas for the safety and comfort
of travelers until the Pullman car became known
all over tlie world. He organized car works at
Atlanta, Ga., in 1866, at Chicago, 111., in 1867,
and later at San Francisco, Cal. In 1880 he
removed his establishment to Pullman, near
Chicago, where he established an industrial
town, built homes for his employees, supplied
the place with every modern convenience, laid
out beautiful streets, and erected public build-
ings — the town, according to statistics, proving
to be one of the most healthful in the world. He
designed the vestibule car and establislied the
vestibuled trains in 1887, which were first run
upon the Pennsylvania trunk lines. He also en-
gaged extensively in other enterprises, including
the Metropolitan Elevated railroad in New York
city, of which he was president ; the Eagleton
Wire Works of New York, of which he was
principal owner, and various car manufactories.
He gave a church valued at $80,000 to the Uni-
versalist congregation at Albion, N.Y., in 1895,
and in his will made thirteen bequests of §10,000
each to local charitable institutions in Chicago,
also directing his executors to set aside $1,200,000
for the founding and endowment of a free
manual training school at Pullman, 111. He was
a promoter of the Chicago Athfeneum and its
president ; a director of the Relief and Aid
society, and a member of the board of councillors
of the Chicago College of Dental Surgery. He
died in Chicago, 111., Oct. 19, 1897.
PULSIFER, David, antiquar}-, was born in Ipswicli, Mass., Sept. 22, 1802; son of Capt. David and Sarah (Stanwood) Pulsifer, and a descendant
