PUTNAM
PUTNAM
alogy (1894); and of many genealogical mono-
graphs, more or less complete, among which are
the published results of research in England re-
garding the origin of the Endicott, Pillsbury,
Purrington, Graves, Streeter, Tapley, and Weare
families, and many articles on records and record
searching, as well as on historical subjects of
local interest.
PUTNAM, Emily James, educator, was born in Canandaigua, N.Y., April 15, 1865; daughter of James Cosslett and Emily (Adams) Smith; granddaughter of Thomas and Alice (Cosslett) Smith and of John and Margaret (Hamilton) Adams, and a descendant of Henry Adams, who settled at Braintree, Mass., in 1634. Her father was a justice of the supreme court of the state of New York. She was graduated at Bryn Mawr college. Pa., 1889; was a fellow in Greek language and literature. University of Chicago, 1893-94; studied at Cambridge university, England, 1889- 90, and was dean of Barnard college, Columbia university, 1894-1900. She resigned from Bar- nard, Feb. 1, 1900, having been married, April 27, 1899, to George Haven Putnam (q.v.). She is the editor of Selections from Liteian (1891).
PUTNAM, Frederic Ward, anthropologist, was born in Salem, Mass., April 16, 1839; son of Eben and Elizabeth Appleton Putnam; grandson of Eben and Elizabeth (Fiske) Putnam and of Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Ward) Appleton; great- grandson of Joshua Ward and of John Fiske, and a descend- ant of John Put- nam, who emigrated from Aston Abbotts, Bucks, England, to Salem, Mass., in 1640. He received private preparatory instruc- tion and was grad- uated from the Lawrence Scientific school. Harvard, S.B., 1862. Very early in life he displayed an unusual aptness for the study of natural history, and in 1856 he was made curator of ornithology of the Essex Insti- tute, Salem, and published his " List of the Birds of Essex County." In this same year he became a special student of zoology under Louis Agassiz and was his assistant in cliarge of the collection of fishes in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 1856-64. He was married, first, in 1864, to Adelaide Martha, daughter of William M. Edmands of Charlestown, Mass.. who died in 1879, and secondly, in 1882. to Estlier Orne, daughter of John L. Clarke of Cliicago. 111. He
was in charge of the museum of the Essex Insti-
tute, Salem, 1864-67; superintendent of the East
India Marine Society Museum, 1867, and when
the two collections were merged as the Peabody
Academy of Sciences, was made director of
the academy. In 1875 he was made curator of
the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethno-
logy at Harvard, and when the Peabody pro-
fessorship of American archcBology and ethnology
was established, he was awarded the chair. He
was instructor at the School of Natural History
on Penikese Island in 1874, and in the same year
was appointed assistant on the Kentucky geolo-
gical survey. He was state commissioner of
inland fisheries for Massachusetts, 1882-89, and
chief of the department of ethnology of the
World's Columbian exposition, 1891-94. In 1894
he was appointed curator of anthropology in the
American Museum of Natural History, New York
city. In 1901 the regents of the University of
California appointed him chairman of the
advisory committee on anthropology. In connec-
tion with his zoological and anthropological work
he published over 300 papers. He prepared Vol-
ume VII of the Reports of the U.S. geological
survej's west of the 100th meridian (archa?ology);
and edited, for varying terms, the Proceedings of
the Essex Institute, the Rejwrts of the Peabody
Academy, and the annual volumes of the Amer-
ican Association for the Advancement of Science.
He edited the annual reports of the Peabody
Museum as well as all its publications after
1873. He was the originator and editor of the
Naturalists' Directory in 1865. and one of the
founders of the American Natni^alist in 1867. His
researches in American archaeology began in 1857,
when he examined a shell-heap in Montreal. He
personally explored shell-heaps, burial mounds,
village sites and caves in various parts of North
America, as well as the ancient pueblos and
cliff -houses, and the later geological deposits in
California and in the Delaware Valley in con-
nection with the antiquitj^ of man in America.
He directed extensive explorations in the United
States, Mexico, Central and South America. He
served as president of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, of the Boston
Society of Natural History, and of the American
Folk-lore society; became a fellow of the National
Academy of Science, the American Philosophical
society, the Massachusetts Historical society, the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the
American Antiquarian society, and the anthro-
pological societies of Washington, London, Paris,
and Brussels; and in 1896 was decorated by the
French government with the Cross of the Legion
of Honor. The University of Penns}'lvania gave
him the S.D. degree in 1894 and one of the first
four Drexel gold medals in 1903.
