ROWE
ROWLAND
commission to revise and codify the laws of Porto
Rico, and in April, 1901, Governor Allen appoint-
ed him chairman of the Insular Code commission.
He returned to his cliair of political science in
the University of Pennsylvania in February,
1902. He was elected a fellow of the Wharton
School of Finance and Economy; a member of
the International Law association; of the Amer-
ican Economical association, and corresponding
member of the Societe d'Anthropologique, Paris.
His many contributions to scientific journals in-
clude: " Factors of Efficiency in Government"
(Public Opinion, 1895); " The Anti-Semitic Move-
ment in America" {Citizen, 1895); "American
Political Ideas and Institutions" (published by
the Reform club, New York, 1897); " The Influ-
ence of the War on Our Public Life '" {Forum,
1899); '"Tlie Municipality and the Gas Supply"
(Annals of the American Academy, 1898); "So-
cialistic Municipalities of Northern France " ( Yale
Review, 1899); "The Supreme Court and the In-
sular Cases" (Annuls, 1901); "Political Parties
in Porto Rico" (Annals, 1902); " The Establish-
ment of Civil Government in the Philippines"
(Annals, 1902).
ROWE, Peter Trimble, first bishop of the mis- sionary district of Alaska and ITTth in succession in the American episcopate, was born in Meadow- ville, Canada, Nov. 20, 1856; son of Peter and Mary Rowe. He was graduated from Trinity college, Toronto, A.B., 1880, A.M., 1882; was or- dered deacon by the Bishop of Algoma, Nov. 3, 1878, and advanced to the priesthood, Nov. 14, 1880. He was married, June 1, 1881, to Dora H., daughter of the Rev. John Carry, D.D., of Port Perry, Canada. He was missionary to the Indians at Garden River, Ontario, 1878-82, and was re- ceived into the American church by Bishop Har- ris of Michigan in July, 1882. He was rector of the mission of St. James, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., 1882-95, and served as commissioner of schools for Chippewa county, Mich., 1891-95. He was elected the first missionary bishop of Alaska by the Gen- eral convention, 1895, and was consecrated, Nov. 30, 1895, in St. George's, New York city, by Bishops Doane,Whitaker and Storkey, assisted by Bishops Brewer, Potter, Walker, Davies and Brooke. He made his residence at Silka, and in 1903 had eight clergy, sixteen lay readers, fourteen mis- sions, twelve church edifices, five women work- ers, and 2,259 baptised members in his missionary district, which covered an area of 570,000 square miles, with a population of 44,000 souls. He re- ceived the honorary degree of D.D. from Hobart and Toronto in 1895.
ROWLAND, Henry Augustus, physicist, was born in Honesdale, Pa., Nov. 27,1848; son of the Rev. Dr. Henry Augustus and Harriet (Heyer) Rowland; grandson of the Rev. Henry
/V^'C^ur€a^
A. and Frances (Bliss) Rowland; great-grandson
of the Rev. David Sherman and Mary (Spaulding)
Rowland, and a descendant of Jonathan Edwards,
and of the Rev. John Warham, first minister
of Windsor, Conn. He was graduated at the
Rensselaer Polytech-
nic institute at Troy,
N.Y., C.E., 1870, and
became a surveyor in
western Ne%v York.
He was instructor in
phjsics at Rensselaer,
1872-74, and in 1874
was made assistant
professor. He studied
at Berlin in 1875, and
in 1876 became pro-
fessor of physics at
Johns Hopkins uni-
versity. He made
many discoveries in
electrical and solar
science, and invented machines to aid him in his
work. A plate of polished metal, ruled with close,
parallel lines, possesses a refractory power very
much beyond that of the prism commonly used,
and the nearer these lines are to one another the
greater the power of the plate. Professor Rowland
invented a ruling engine capable of making 20,000
lines to the inch, the best achievement before that
being the engine of Lewis M. Rutherfurd (q.v.),
which ruled 17,000 lines to the inch. Professor
Rowland was married June 4, 1890, to Henrietta,
daughter of George Law and Helen (Davidge)
Harrison, of Baltimore, Md. He invented in
1897 the multiplex printing telegraph, by means
of which a telegram can be transmitted upon a
typewriter and reproduced in typewritten form at
the receiving end; and he devised a means of mak-
ing practical use of the force of Niagara for the
generation of electricity. In 1899 he conducted
a successful series of experiments to ascertain the
cause of the magnetism of the earth, and deter-
mined to a nicety the value of an ohm, being a
permanent member of the International commis-
sion for establishing electrical units. He received
the honorary degrees, Ph.D. from Johns Hop-
kins in 18S0, and LL.D. from Yale in 1883
and from Princeton in 1896; was made a
chevalier of the Legion of Honor for his services
at the Electrical congress at Paris in 1881, and in
1896 was advanced to the grade of ofiicer, and later
made a corresponding member of the Britisli
Association for the Advancement of Science. He
was one of twelve foreigners to be admitted to
membership in the Physical Society of London.
He was elected to membership in the National
Academy of Sciences in 1881, and in 1884 received
for his researches in light and heat the Rumfonl
