SCHOFF
SCHOFIELD
SCHOFF, Stephen Alonzo, enjjciaver, was
born at Duiivillc. Vt.. in 1818; son of Joiin Chase
and Eunit-e (Nye) Scliutr; grandson of Jolin and
Priscilla (Chase) SchotT, aJid of Elislia Nj-e; of
German ancestry on his father's side, and English
on his mother's. He attended the public schools
at Newburyport. Mass.. and went to Boston in
1834, to study and work at line engraving. In
1839-41, with his employer, Joseph Andrews, he
went to Paris, where lie studied drawing and
line engraving. Upon his return he began bank-
note work in New York. He was employed in the
bureau of engraving in Wasliington, and later
resided in Boston, New York, Newtonville. Mass.,
and Brandon, Vt. His best known works are:
C<n».-» Marius on the Ruins of Carthage (1843);
William Penn; a portrait of R. W. Emerson, after
Rowse: The Bathers, after William M. Hunt;
Moonliijht Marine, after Dr. Hess.
SCHOFIELD, John McAllister, soldier, was born in Gerry, N.Y., Sept. 29, 1831; son of the Rev. James and Caroline (McAllister) Schofield; grandson of James and Margaret (Wheeler) Schofield and of John and Sara (Brewster) McAllister, and a de- scendant of Elder William Brewster of the Maijflower. He attended the public schools of Gerry, Bris- tol and Freeport, and was graduated from the U.S. Military academy and ap- pointed brevet 2nd lieutenant, 2nd artil- lery, July 1, 1853. He served on garri- son duty at Fort Moultrie, S.C, and in Florida, 1853-55; was promoted 2nd lieutenant, 1st artillery, Aug. 31, 1853, and 1st lieutenant, March 3, 1855; was assistant professor of natural and experimental philosophy at the U.S. Military academy, 185-5-56, and principal assistant professor, 1856-60; and was profes.sc>r of physics in Washington univer- sity. Mo,, 1860-61. He was appointed major, 1st Missouri volunteer infantry, April 26, 1861, that regiment being converted into artillery, August, 1861; and he was promoted captain, 1st artillery, U.S.A., May 14, 1801. He .served as mustering officer for the state of Miss<^>uri; was chief of staff to General Lyon, and took part in the action of Dugspring, the battle of Wilson's Creek, when Lyon was killed, and the action at Fredericktown. He was appointed brigadier- general, U.S. volunteers, Nov. 21, and brigadier- general, Mis-souri militia, Nov. 26, 1861, and com-
•^-^V
manded the militia of Missouri, 1801-62. and the
army of tiie frontier and district of south-west
Missouri, 1802-03. He was aj)pointed major-
general, U.S. v., Nov. 29. 1862, his commission
expiring by constitutional limitation, March 4,
1803, when he again became brigadier-general,
U.S.V. He was a member of the board of ex-
aminers of Mississippi river mortar boats, Dec.
9-31, 1802; and commanded the 3rd divLsion, 14th
army corps, Army of the Cumberland, Ajjril 20
to May 31, 1803. He was re-appointed major-
general, U.S.V. , May 12, 1803, and commanded
the department of the Missouri, 1863-64, and the
department and Army of the Ohio, 1864-65. He
commanded the Army of the Ohio in the invasion
of Georgia, May 2-Sept. 7, 1804, and commanded
the force that opposed General Hood in his ad-
vance from Florence, Ala., into Tennessee. He
defeated Hood's army at Franklin, Tenn., Nov.
30, 1804, being appointed origadier-general,
U.S.A., on the same day, and brevetted major-
general, U.S.A., March 13, 1805, for gallant and
meritorious services in the battle of Franklin,
Tenn. He commanded the 23rd army corps in
the battle of Nashville, Dec. 15 and 10, 1804, and
was in command of the department of North
Carolina, February to May, 1805, being engaged
in the capture of Forts Anderson and Wilming-
ton, the occupation of Kinston, the march to
Goldsboro, and in the surrender of the Confeder-
ate States army under Gen. J. E. Johnston at
Durham Station, North Carolina, April 20, 1805,
where he was detailed to execute the military
convention of capitulation. He remained in
command of the department of North Carolina
until June, 1865, and was sent on a special mis-
sion to Europe, 1805-66. He commanded the de-
partment of the Potomac with headquarters at
Richmond, Va., 1860-67, and the first Military
district, state of Virginia, 1867-68. He was
honorably mustered out of the volunteer service,
Sept. 1, 1866; succeeded Edwin M. Stanton as
secretary of war, June 2, 1868, and served in
Johnson's and Grant's administrations until
March 12, 1809. He was promoted major-
general, U.S.A., March 4, 1809, and took com-
mand of the department of the Missouri in that
month. He commanded the division of the Paci-
fic, 1870-70 and also in 1882-83; was superin-
tendent of the U.S. Military academy, 1876-81;
commanded the division of the Missouri, 1883-86,
and the division of the Atlantic, 1886-88. He
then commanded the Army of the United States,
1888-95. He was promoted lieutenant-general,
U.S.A., Feb. 5, 1895, under a special act of con-
gress, and was retired, Sept. 29, 1895, on reaching
the age limit. He was president of the board
that adopted the tactics for the army in 1870;
and president of the board of review of the Fitz-
