TANEY
TANEY
N.V.. l.s.-,9-r)2; at Pliiladelphia. Pa.. 186'2-C9, and
of the Central Presbyterian church, Brooklyn,
N.Y. (whose name was afterward changed to
Bn)okly n Tabernacle). 1869-94. The church prov-
ing tix) small, he built an audience hall with a
seating c;i|Kicity of SI, 000. which w:vs destroyed
by lire in l8Ti. and a larger and more substantial
one was erected on the site. This was also burned
and the congregation erected a brick and stone
edifice at the corner of Green and Clermont
avenues. Brooklyn, at a cost of |:350.000. In 1894
this Tal)ernacle was completely destroyed by fire
and Dr. Talmage removed to Washington, D.C.,
where he was ciiosen pastor of tiie First Presby-
terian cluircli. Sept. 23, 1895. serving till 1899,
wlien he resigned and engaged in literary work
and lecturing. His last extended tour was
tiirough Mexico in 1901-02. where he contracted
the dise;ise which resulted in his death. The
honorary degree of A. M. was conferred on him
by the University of the City of New York in
1862. and tiiat of D.D. by the University of Ten-
nessee in 1SS4. He w.as three times married:
first to MoUie Aver}- of Brooklyn, N.Y.. who was
drowned in 1862; secondly, in 1863, to Susan C.
Whittemore of Brooklyn, N.Y., who died in 1895,
and thirdly. Jan. 22, 1898, to Eleanor McCutcheon,
widow of Charles Collier. He edited the Chris-
tian at Work, The Advance, Frank Leslie's Sun-
day Magazine, and the Christian Herald, and is
the author of: Crumbs Swept Up; Abominations
of Modern Society; Shots at Targets; Around the
Tea-Table; Xight Side of Xew York; Mask Torn
Off: The Marriage Ring; The Battle for Bread;
Orange Blossoms Frosted; Gathered Gems (ISSd);
Key Note of the Temperance Reform (1890); From,
Manger to Throne (1891); From the Pyramids to
the Acropolis (1892); and many hundred sermons
and addres.ses published in book form and in
current perioilicals. He died in Washington,
D.C.. April 12, 1902.
TANEY, Roger Brooke, chief-justice, was born in Calvert county, Md., March 17, 1777. He was graduated from Dickinson college in 1795, studied law at Annapolis, Md., in the office of Jeremiah .S. Chase, was admitted to the bar in 1779 and esUiblished himself in practice in Cal- vert county. He was a representative in the state legislature, 1709-1800, and removed to Frederick, Md., where he soon built up a large practice. He was married in 1806 to a daughter of John Ross Key. He was cotinsel for General Wilkinson, commander-in-chief of the U.S. army, who in 1811 was summoned before a military court on various charges, and he conducted the defence to a successful isstie. He was a member of the state senate. 1816-21; removed to Balti- more, Md.. in 182:); was attorney-general of the state, 1827-31; attorney-general of the United
/J. Ja./n^^'^
States in the cabinet of President Jackson, 1831-
33. and bore an important part in the nullification
controversy; opposed the question of the re-char-
tering of the U.S. bank, and favored the removal
of the deposits. He succeeded William J. Duane
as secretary of the
treasury upon the
hitter's removal for
refusing to remove
the deposits at the
dictation of the Pres-
ident. He entered
upon his duties. Sept.
24. 1833, and on Sept.
26. issued the order
directing the collec-
tors of revenue to
cease making depos-
its in the bank and
leaving the amount
on deposit to be
drawn out at the con-
venience of the government. In December, 1833,
a resolution of censure upon the action of the
President was adopted, Taney's nomination was
rejected and he thereupon resigned the office and
returned to Baltimore. He was appointed asso-
ciate justice of the U.S. supreme court to succeed
Gabriel Duval (q.v.) in January, 18-36, but the
senate refused to confirm the appointment. As
Chief-Justice Marshal had died June 6, 1835,
Prej^ident Jackson, on March 15, 1836, appointed
Mr. Taney to the c hief-justiceship of the United
States Supreme Court. Justice Taney defended
the right of reclaiming a fugitive slave from
another state, and in 1857 he delivered his
opinion on the famous Dred Scott case, in-
volving the question whether congress had the
power to exclude slavery from the territories.
Justice Taney held that the plaintiff Dred Scott
could not obtain redress in the U.S. circuit court
for Missouri, as ^^ ^ f/^^'J^//
he was not a \i
citizen of that'
state, and in the
progress of his
enunciation of
the princii>le in-
volved, he held
that negroes
could not be
made citizens by
the act of any supR£/>^f court or wi uNittp jjxns.
separate state, or by the United States. He
said that the original colonies had special laws
for the negro, whether slave or free, and that
congress had not authorized their naturaliza-
tion or enrolled them in the militia; that the
colonists considered the African negro so far in-
