Later in the day M. Bouillon received at the Plaza Hotel a large Czechoslovak delegation and assured it that France would do all in her power to liberate the oppressed Czechs and Slovaks. But again he emphasized the truism that the fate of Bohemia is in the hands of her sons and that they must be ready to sacrifice everything, if need be.
The meeting and the reception may be said to have been the culmination of political activity of Bohemians and Slovaks in this country.
CZECH SOLDIERS IN RUSSIA
A Russian journalist, Nicholaj Breshko-Breshkovsky, writes of the Czechoslovak army in Russia as follows:
“In one of the recent bulletins the general staff praised very highly the bravery of the Czechoslovak brigade, manifested upon the first day of the offensive. This brigade by one sharp blow captured over three thousand Germans and Turks, in other words, smashed an entire division.
“Czechoslovak units earned a fine reputation for themselves, as soon as they appeared at the front. Talk to any Russian officer from the Austrian front. If he fought with them or alongside of them, he is sure to tell you: Fine fellows; it is a pleasure just to look at them. Brave, dauntless, and wonderfully expert in scouting work. They are so full of ideas that you have to hold them back. And what counts for most is that they know the Austrian army from A to Z.
“Sturmer knew what he was doing, when he placed so many obstacles to the formation of Czechoslovak units. He knew that these Slav fighters, burning with racial patriotism, would increase the effectiveness of the entire army. Not that they are so numerous; what is a few thousand compared to a front of millions? But they raise the morale of our army.
“Bohemians, Bohemian democrats—they are all democrats, without an exception—are the most highly cultured of all nations. The best proof of their culture and their deep individuality, of their faith in themselves and in their own strength, is the fact that the Czech nation, a small island in the German sea, has remained Slav. They would not be Germanized.
“Hating the Habsburgs and their oppressive czarism, the Czechs followed the colors of Francis Joseph as cheerfully as condemned men who are led to the gallows. They went, after they had mutually sworn that they would not shoot at the Russians, that they would surrender at the first opportunity, and that they would turn their bayonets against the Magyars and the Germans.
“They did surrender, in companies, battalions, and regiments. They surrendered in the name of Slav brotherhood, in which their brave hearts had always believed. But many of them were bitterly disappointed in Russia. They volunteered for the front, but instead were sent to the Turkestan, to Siberia, to the Murnan railroad. Wonderful gunsmiths, locksmiths, and mechanics, men who had been employed in the Škoda works on the construction of heavy guns and mortars, begged the old government in vain to permit them to work in our munition factories. And when the revolution swept Russia, 300,000 Czechoslovak captives offered their ability and their labor. ‘We ask for nothing; we don’t want pay. We want to work twelve hours a day, just to help bring about the victorious and speedy liberation of the Slavs.’
“Out of these men were formed the Czechoslovak fighting units, or brotherhoods. Even during the darkest Sturmer days the Bohemians ,men of iron will, did not lose courage. When they were forbidden to form Czechoslovak units, they joined the Serbian volunteer corps. Ask M. J. Spalajkovich or General Zizkovich about Czech officers and soldiers in the Serbian volunteer corps; they are enthusiastic about their services. In the Dobrudja campaign Bohemians fought alongside their Serbian brothers; some of them left their heads there, others returned decorated with the crosses of St. George. In the Czechoslovak brotherhoods there are companies, every member of which is a chevalier of St. George.
“In recent difficult moments Czechs and Slovaks felt anxiety equally with us, but they did not despair. They said: ‘Even if the Russians throw away their guns, we won’t give up. We will start an offensive alone and will fight for the liberation of our fatherland as long as one of us is alive.’”
CATHOLIC BOHEMIANS AT WORK
The older organization of People of Czech birth, the Bohemian National Alliance of America, enjoys now the full support and co-operation of the National Alliance of Bohemian Catholics. At first the church people were reluctant to take part in the campaign of the National Alliance and limited their efforts to the collection of a large relief fund. But throughout the year 1916 enthusiasm for independence of the old homeland grew apace. After the solemn promise of the Allies in January, 1917, representative priests and laymen of Bohemian blood held a great meeting in Chicago on February 6, 1917. As a result of it an organization was effected for the purpose of taking part in the work of gaining freedom for Bohemia. This organization received the name of the National Alliance of Bohemian Catholics, and after negotiation with the officers of the older body an agreement was reached on July 4th, by which the Catholic body adopted the political program of the Bohemian National Alliance and joined hands with it for united efforts.
The Catholic Alliance is growing very rapidly. Today it numbers over sixty branches, and the national officers will not rest, until every Bohemian parish in the United States has a branch of the organization. The national officers are: Rev. Innocence Kestl, president; Rev. F. W . Jedlička, vice-president; Thomas M. Filas, secretary; Jos Kopecký, treasurer; John Vollmer, financial secretary; John Straka, J. J. Janda, Chas. Radous and John F. No-
