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NOTES TO THE FOURTH BOOK OF THE COURTIER Note 429, page 243. Gaspar Pallavicino died in 1511, at the age of twenty- five. Note 430, page 243. Cesare Gonzaga died in 1512, at about the age of thirty- seven. See note 43. Note 431, page 244. Federico Fregoso was named Archbishop of Salerno in 1507, very soon after the date of the Courtier dialogues; see note 41. Ludovico da Canossa became Bishop of Bayeux in 1520; see note 44. Ottaviano Fregoso became Doge of Genoa in 1513; see note 11. Bibbiena was made cardinal, and Bembo was appointed papal secretary, in 1513; see notes 10 and 42. Giuliano de' Medici was created Duke of Nemours in 1515. As he died in 1516, Castiglione's use of the present tense ('that greatness where now he is') is inconsistent with the mention of Canossa as Bishop of Bayeux. See note g. Francesco Maria della Rovere succeeded to the dukedom in 1508; see note 3. Note 432, page 244. Eleanora Gonzaga, (born about 1492; died 1543), was the eldest daughter of the Marquess Gianfrancesco of Mantua and Isabella d'Este. In 1505 Castiglione negotiated her union with Francesco Maria della Rovere, but the marriage did not take place until Christmas Eve 1509, upon which occasion Bembo wrote to Federico Fregoso that he had never seen a comelier, merrier or sweeter girl, and that her amiable disposition and sur- prisingly precocious judgment won general admiration. She seems to have maintained affectionate relations with her aunt and predecessor (" my lady Duchess" of The Courtier), whose fame quite outshone her own, and to have exhibited in after life no little strength of character. She is said to have excluded, and even to have expelled, great ladies of questionable morality from her court. Titian's portrait (1537) represents her in middle age, but his pic- tures, Z,a Bella and Das Mddchen im Pela, as well as several of his Venus heads, are generally regarded as idealized presentations of her more youthful face. Note 433, page 249. The Piazza d'Agone occupied the site of the ancient Circus Agonalis, which derived its name from the Agonalia, a festival held twice a year in honour of Janus. Before, during and long after Castiglione's time, it was a centre of festivals, amusements and spectacles at the carnival season. It is now called the Piazza Navona. Note 434, page 250. The famous Athenian commander CiMON, (died 449 B.C.), 407