312 THE BUILDING NEWS. Apri 19, 1872
chrome, and Indian red. The ground colour
is laid inas before, and black and transparent
white is then sponged in, and we then splash
in a lighter and brighter colour of the same
tone as the ground colour, and follow on
with small spots of solid white. There is
also a rich dark green porphyry which may
be imitated in the same manner, using shades
of green on an inyisible green ground with
Indian red spots instead of vermilion.
The writer of this series of articles, having
now concluded his labours, feels that he cannot
part with his readers without a word of expla-
nation. There may appear to some of ourreaders
a want of minute detail in the description of
some of the decorative processes treated of in
these articles. ‘This is so to a certain extent,
and is, indeed, a necessary consequence of
their being published in the form and place
in which they have appeared, for it will be at
once evident that the minute detail of the
manipulation of certain processes would not
be interesting to a great number of the
readers of the Burmprnc News, while their
absence would be asource of regret to others,
It has, therefore, been our aim in writing
these articles to make them as generally in-
teresting as the nature of the subject would
allow, and at the same time to include as much
practical information as possible, and to this
end we have been exceedingly careful to set
down nothing or no process but such as we
haye verified by our own personal and prac-
tical experience. The result has been very
gratifying, inasmuch as we have not had one
single statement questioned during the long
course which these articles have run.
We intend to revise these articles, and add
to them when necessary a mass of minute
detail, by which means we hope to produce a
technical manual of house decorations and
processes of a thoroughly practical nature,
FINIS,
———»—-_
PLUMBING.—VIII.
(Continued from page 274.)
EFORE leaving the roof there are several
things that must be referred to. At
p- 199 L, Fig. 29, shows the manner in
which a flat covered with lead has the lead
bent over edge of flat. There is another
way in which it is sometimes done, although
[ cannot express entire approval of it, es-
pecially where it breaks in upon the line of
ridge by projecting beyond it. This style,
in contrast to Figs. 23 and 24, page 199, is
done by fixing on a wooden roll to front edge
of flat, as per Fig. 77, A being wooden roll,
the dotted line B being lead flashing put on
before A, and dotted line C being lead of
flat, which is bent around wooden roll as
shown. The lead rolls in this case, while
formed as per Fig. 27, p. 199, instead of
being bent over as per MN, Fig. 30, p. 199,
are of course bent around wooden roll as
per D, Fig. 78. ‘The size of wooden roll A,
Fig. 77, is about 24in. or 24in. deep, and it
projects out about 2in.
Wehave referred to gutters,sques flashings,
flanks, ridges, and flats on roof, and we
shall add a few words about hatches
and windows. ‘The simplest form of hatch
on roof is known as the sliding-hatch,
of which Fig. 79 shows section. All the
plumber-work required about it is the
piece of lead, or zine, E, along its top,
and the sole, F, along its bottom. E will
be about 10in. broad, and if hatch be
18in. wide E will be 2ft. 6in. long. F
will be about 18in. broad, and about the same
length as E. Another form of hatch is that
with hinged lid, of which Fig. 80 shows
longitudinal section, with lid G partially
open, the dotted lines H H being lead flash-
ings. If we suppose the daylight of this
hatch to be 18in. wide and 2ft. Gin. long,
then, as the wooden frame is about Sin. deep
and 2in. thick, its breadth over all will be
22in., and its length oyer all, 2ft. 10in. The
lead for this has to be cut out in four pieces,
the breadth of all being Gin. + 3in. + Qin.
= llin., and the length of bottom piece, I,
Fig. 81, 22in. + Gin. + Gin. = 2ft. 10in.
The length of two side pieces J J, Fig. 81,
is each 2ft. 10in. + Tin. = 3ft. 5in., and the
length of top piece K, Fig. 81, 22in. + 74in.
+ Thin. = 3ft. lin. The top piece of lead, K,
is cut out longer than the bottom piece, I,
because the former has to be wrought down
and around the top corners of frame as far
as L, Fig. 81, the dotted line above L show-
ing the position and amount of overlap which
the top piece K has over the two side-
pieces J J, the dotted line being top of J,
and showing how far the side piece, J, goes
up under the top piece, K. MM, Fig. 81,
again show how the two side pieces J J
overlap the bottom piece I, the two side-
pieces at bottom being worked around lower
corners of frame something similar to the
way in which top piece K is wrought round
upper corners. After lead has been cut out,
as above stated, the plumber first sets it up
as per Fig. 82, in this case allowing 3in. +
2in. = Sin. for upstand. If it be a slated
roof, a board about jin. thick has to be put
temporarily in front of bottom of hatch-
frame, so as to allow for thickness of slates,
just as was previously mentioned for berges,
at p. 95, Feb. 2nd. The lead being set up as
per Fig. 82, is put against frame, as per Fig.
85, and then dressed over, as per Fig. 84,
two or three nails being put in as at N, Fig.
84, to hold it. Of course, as will be seen
from Fig. 81, which shows perspective view
of hatch with the lead on, the bottom-piece,
I, has to be put on first, and simply cut away
at the corners as per dotted lines above MM.
The two sides are then put on,and last of all
the top. After this the wooden ‘ doubling”
has to be put along top, as per QO, Fig.
85, and down sides, as far as P P, Fig. 81.
Such is the manner of putting lead around
this sort of hatch, and if zinc is to be used it
may also be done in same manner, except
that instead of working the zine round the
corners in the same way as with lead, the
zinc has to be cut at the corners, pieced, and
soldered. It is only the top and bottom
pieces that require piecing and soldering,
and said soldering, &c., is to be done on each
piece per se. Owing to the way bottom
piece of zine is made and slipped up, the
sides J J, Fig. 81, when zinc is used, instead
of being each 3ft. 5in. long, as above shown
for lead, need only be 2ft. 10in. long, or the
same length as frame, as per Fig. 86, where
the two sides Q Q are seen to extend from
R to §, the dotted line at R showing how
far the side-piece Q is slipped up under top
piece T, and the other dotted line near S, show-
ing how far bottom-piece U, Fig. 86, is slipped
up under side-pieces QQ. In setting up
bottom-piece U, if roof is to be slated, the
plumber must remember to allow jin. or so
for the thickness of slates which are to go
under U. ‘This bottom-piece U is only
fitted in temporarily at first, until slates are
put on, so that slater may lift it out to get
his slates nailed, for zine cannot be bent
up and down in the same easy manner as lead.
After theslater has finished, the bottom-piece,
U, is slipped up and nailed to frame in the
same way as for lead at N, Fig. 84, and as
per V V, Fig. 86. Ans
Thave been thus particular in explaining
the modes of putting lead and zine round this
latter form of hatch because the principle in
it is in great measure the same as that in use
for many skylight windows, there being only
alittle difference in detail, such as that the
wooden frame may be higher and broader
(which, by the way, may also be the case
with hatches), the tops and sides may be
longer and deeper, &c., and also, in the ease
of windows, the lead is allowed to come over
on glass (unless in the case of movable win-
dows) about jin, at top and sides; and
at bottom it goes up under glass according to
shape of frame, so as to catch the condensed
water which runs down inside glass, and, by
carrying it outside, thus prevent it running
