XIV
THE CITY-STATE
CHAPTER II
The Genesis of the City-State
The city as a State: strength of the conception, 22. The ancient and the modern State different in origin, 23. Methods to be followed in studying the origin of the ancient State, 26. I. Social organisation of peoples who have not yet developed a true State, 27. The village community of kinsmen, 29. Characteristics of the village community: kinship, 30; government by headman and council, 31; common cultivation of land, 32; common religious worship, 33. II. Evidence for the existence of the village community in Greece and Italy, 34. III. Evidence of the survival of the village community in the later City-State: gentes and γένη at Rome and Athens, 36 foll. IV. Causes which brought about unions of village communities in a City-State, 42. Influence of the land taking the place of kinship, 42. Necessity of self-defence, 44. Fame of religious centres, 45.
Probable era of the birth of the City-State in Greece, 46. Unknown in the case of Italy, 47. Examples of the genesis of a City-State: Athens, 48. Other Greek States, 51. Rome, 52. Greek colonies children of the oldest City-States, 56.
Probable era of the birth of the City-State in Greece, 46. Unknown in the case of Italy, 47. Examples of the genesis of a City-State: Athens, 48. Other Greek States, 51. Rome, 52. Greek colonies children of the oldest City-States, 56.
CHAPTER III
Nature of the City-State and its First Form of Government
How the City-State differed from earlier forms of association, 57. Aristotle's dictum on this point, 59. His view of the State as a natural growth, 61. His conviction that no higher form of
union was possible, 62. Aristotle true to the facts of Greek life, which tended to exclude both federations and empires, 63.
