411 b.c. (negative instance), 251. Universality of the disease during Peloponnesian war, 252; called by the Greeks stasis, 254. Thucydides' reflections on it, 255; its weakening effect on the City-State, 257. Aristotle's treatment of the subject, 258. His remedies for the disease; an even distribution of wealth, 261; education in subordination to the character of the State, 262.
Aristotle's reasonings applied to the case of Rome; stasis at Rome in 133 b.c., 264. Enlarged scope of the issues in this instance, 265. Distribution of wealth at Rome; destruction of middle class, 267. Education at Rome inadequate to her needs as an imperial State, 269. Cato's education of his son, 272.
CHAPTER X
External Causes of Decay—Imperial and Federative States
The City-State must have a limit of increase in size, 275. Aristotle's doctrine on this point, 277; based on the normal phenomena of Greek States, ibid. His view excludes both imperial and federative States, 279. Yet States of this kind appear in Greek history, 280; they increase in number and strength, and may be traced in three periods, 281. 1. Down to the Persian wars; earliest forms of alliance, 282; Spartan supremacy and Peloponnesian League, 282; naval power of Polycrates, 284. 2. From Persian wars to rise of Macedon; confederacy of Delos, 286; becomes an Athenian empire, 288; Spartan empire, 290; second Athenian League, 291; Bœotian League and Theban supremacy, 292. 3. Growth of Macedon, 294. Demosthenes' antagonism to it, 296. Phocion's attitude towards it explained, 297. Failure of Demosthenes and Macedonian assumption of leadership of
