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PEMBROKE

Earldom.(a)^[1] I. 1138. 1. Gilbert de Clare, yr. s. of Gilbert Fitz-Richard, who was styled (from his possessions) "De Clare," "De Tonbridge," &c., by Adeliza, da. of Hugh, Cont of Clermont, was b. about 1100; was possessed of the Lordship of Strigul(b)^[2] or Chepstow, as also of Tintern and Usk, which or certainly the latter of which (the land of Gwent) he apparently inherited from his paternal uncle, Walter Fitz-Richard otherwise de Clare.(c)^[3] He, having distinguished himself in the cause of King Stephen, was by him cr. in 1138, EARL OF PEMBROKE, at the same date that Robert de Ferrers was cr. Earl of Derby(d)^[4] and about, or shortly before, that on which his nephew and namesake, Gilbert de Clare, was cr. Earl of Hertford.(e)^[5] He captured Leeds Castle in Kent;(d)^[4] assisted in expelling from Ely the Bishop's forces who were holding it against the King; was at the battle of Lincoln (1141)(d)^[4] after which he appears to have joined the party of the Empress Maud. He m. Elizabeth or Isabel(f)^[6] sometime Mistress to Henry I., da. of Robert (de Beaumont). 1st Earl of Leicester and Count of Meulan, by Isabella, da, of Hugh, Count of Vermandois and Valois. He d. 14 Sep. 1148,(g)^[7] and was bur. (by his uncle Walter above-named) in Tintern Abbey. His widow m. Hervey de Montgomery.(h)^[8]

↑ (a) An account of such of these Earls as were of the race of Clare, Marshal and Valence, is given by G. T. Clark, in his "Earls, Earldom and Castle of Pembroke" reprinted in 1880 from the Archeologia Cambrensis. See also Planché's "Earls of Strigul" in the Brit. Arch. Ass. (1855), vol. x, pp. 265-274.
↑ (b) "To the late Mr. George Ormerol (Archæol., vol. xxix, pp. 25-31, and Strigulensia, pp. 64-72) belongs the credit of having clearly proved the identity of the Estrighoiel of Domesday, the Striguel, Strogoil, and Strugul, of later records, with the modern Chepstow. In 1 Edw. II. John de Crumwell had custody 'castri nostri de Strugeill, necnou et ville nostre de Chepstowe' (Rot. Orig. I, 154). This appears to be the earliest mention known of the name Chepstow, thus first acquired by the town. Castle and burgh alike had previously been called Strigul, which name, eventually, also fell into disuse as applied to the castle and honour, that of Chepstow, the chief town of the honour, taking its place. Camden (Britannia, edit. 1607, p. 487) was the first to confuse Strigul with Cas Troggy, a small castle in Wentwood forest, which was still 'de novo constructus' at the date of the Inq. p.m. on Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, 35 Edw. I. His mistake has been perpetuated by subsequent writers." [Ex. inform, G. W. Watson]. The "Annals of Chepstoe Castle," by J. F. Marsh have been edited by Sir John Maclean, but the criticism, therein of the De Clare pedigree is not its strong point. (See "The Academy "17 Nov. 1883.) It passed, thro' Clare and Marshal, to Bigod in 1245, and, on the death of Roger (Bigod) Earl of Norfolk, to the Crown in 1306. Thomas "of Brotherton," Earl of Norfolk (yr. 8. of Edward I.) then obtained it, whose descendant Juhn (Mowbray), Duke of Norfolk, trausferred it (for lands in Norfolk) to Sir William Herbert, cr. in 1468 Earl of Pembroke, whose granddaughter and heir brought it (in 1492) to her husband Charles (Somerset), 1st Earl of Worcester, in which family it has ever since remained.
↑ (c) "Mortuis autem absque liberis Rogero [i.e., Roger de Clare otherwise de Bienfaite, seigneur du Hommet] et Waltero, patrnis suis, Gislebertus de Clarn filius Gisleberti hæreditario jure ipsis etiam concedentibus terras eorum adeptus est." (Continuator of William of Jumièges, lib. viii, c. 37.)
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 (d) Ordericus Vitalis, lib. xiii, c. 37, 43.
↑ (e) See vol. v, p. 86, note "for an account of the 15 Earldoms cr. during the reign of Stephen, compiled from the masterly work of J. H. Round, entitled "Geoffrey de Mandeville."
↑ (f) See full account of her and her ancestry in G. W. Watson's "Ancient Earls of Leicester," in " The Genealogist," N.S., vol. x. pp. 1-16.
↑ (g) Planché's "Earls of Strigul." The date of 1148 is that given in the Tintern Chronicle (Monasticon, i. 725). See Round's "Mandeville," p. 276.. In Clark's "Earls of Pembroke" it is given as 6 Jan. 1148 [1148/9 ?], and Brooke gives it us "14 Stephen," i.e., between 26 Dec. 1148 and 26 Dec. 1149.
↑ (h) Anselme, tom. iii, p. 567. G. W. Watson observes (see note "f" above): "He could not have been the Hervey de Montmorency, who d. a monk at Canterbury in 1205, as has been constantly stated."

[1] (a) An account of such of these Earls as were of the race of Clare, Marshal and Valence, is given by G. T. Clark, in his "Earls, Earldom and Castle of Pembroke" reprinted in 1880 from the Archeologia Cambrensis. See also Planché's "Earls of Strigul" in the Brit. Arch. Ass. (1855), vol. x, pp. 265-274.

[2] (b) "To the late Mr. George Ormerol (Archæol., vol. xxix, pp. 25-31, and Strigulensia, pp. 64-72) belongs the credit of having clearly proved the identity of the Estrighoiel of Domesday, the Striguel, Strogoil, and Strugul, of later records, with the modern Chepstow. In 1 Edw. II. John de Crumwell had custody 'castri nostri de Strugeill, necnou et ville nostre de Chepstowe' (Rot. Orig. I, 154). This appears to be the earliest mention known of the name Chepstow, thus first acquired by the town. Castle and burgh alike had previously been called Strigul, which name, eventually, also fell into disuse as applied to the castle and honour, that of Chepstow, the chief town of the honour, taking its place. Camden (Britannia, edit. 1607, p. 487) was the first to confuse Strigul with Cas Troggy, a small castle in Wentwood forest, which was still 'de novo constructus' at the date of the Inq. p.m. on Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, 35 Edw. I. His mistake has been perpetuated by subsequent writers." [Ex. inform, G. W. Watson]. The "Annals of Chepstoe Castle," by J. F. Marsh have been edited by Sir John Maclean, but the criticism, therein of the De Clare pedigree is not its strong point. (See "The Academy "17 Nov. 1883.) It passed, thro' Clare and Marshal, to Bigod in 1245, and, on the death of Roger (Bigod) Earl of Norfolk, to the Crown in 1306. Thomas "of Brotherton," Earl of Norfolk (yr. 8. of Edward I.) then obtained it, whose descendant Juhn (Mowbray), Duke of Norfolk, trausferred it (for lands in Norfolk) to Sir William Herbert, cr. in 1468 Earl of Pembroke, whose granddaughter and heir brought it (in 1492) to her husband Charles (Somerset), 1st Earl of Worcester, in which family it has ever since remained.

[3] (c) "Mortuis autem absque liberis Rogero [i.e., Roger de Clare otherwise de Bienfaite, seigneur du Hommet] et Waltero, patrnis suis, Gislebertus de Clarn filius Gisleberti hæreditario jure ipsis etiam concedentibus terras eorum adeptus est." (Continuator of William of Jumièges, lib. viii, c. 37.)

[p210_r4-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 (d) Ordericus Vitalis, lib. xiii, c. 37, 43.

[5] (e) See vol. v, p. 86, note "for an account of the 15 Earldoms cr. during the reign of Stephen, compiled from the masterly work of J. H. Round, entitled "Geoffrey de Mandeville."

[6] (f) See full account of her and her ancestry in G. W. Watson's "Ancient Earls of Leicester," in " The Genealogist," N.S., vol. x. pp. 1-16.

[7] (g) Planché's "Earls of Strigul." The date of 1148 is that given in the Tintern Chronicle (Monasticon, i. 725). See Round's "Mandeville," p. 276.. In Clark's "Earls of Pembroke" it is given as 6 Jan. 1148 [1148/9 ?], and Brooke gives it us "14 Stephen," i.e., between 26 Dec. 1148 and 26 Dec. 1149.

[8] (h) Anselme, tom. iii, p. 567. G. W. Watson observes (see note "f" above): "He could not have been the Hervey de Montmorency, who d. a monk at Canterbury in 1205, as has been constantly stated."

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