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CORNWALL 447 Dowager and the Pope (represented by his Nuncio) being sponsors. In the Gazette of 4 July, and again when bap.^ he was ityled PRINCE OF WALES, and (in consequence would thus be considered) EARL OF CHESTER. On 1 1 Dec. following, his father was declared (such declara- tion being confirmed by Act of Pari. 2 Feb. 1689/90) to have abdicated the throne, but was, as well as the Prince, his son, recognised by the French King under their former rank. Nom. K.G. 1 692, by his father when in exile. On his fiither's death, 16 Feb. 1701, his succession to the kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was acknowledged by Louis XIV, and he was proclaimed King at St. Germain. In consequence thereof (at the age of 13!) he was attainteJ of high treason! under the title of the pretended Prince of U^ales, 2 Mar. 1 70 1/2 (6 days before the death ot his br.-in-law, William III), whereby all his honours heca.me forfeited. His subsequent career is a matter of history. By his adherents he was styled King James III, though generally known (the Order of the Garter having been conferred on him in 1692 by the exiled Sovereign) as the Chevalier de St. George. In England he was often called the Pretender,{f) and, after 1745, The old Pretender. Two celebrated Risings took place, one in 1715, and the other (under his son, Charles Edward) in 1745, to restore him to the throne of his father. He tn. (cont. dat. 22, 23 July 171 8, at the Castle of Ohlau, in Silesia), by proxy, 9 May 1 71 9, at Bologna, and in person i Sep. 17 19 (by the Pope), at Montefiascone, near Viterbo,() Maria Clementina, da. of James Louis Henry S0BIESK.1, Prince oFPoLAND,byHedwigElisabethe Amalie, 7thda. ofPhilipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, which Prince was son of John, King of Poland, famous for his victories over the Turks. She, who was b. 6/17 July 1702, d. 18 Jan. 1735, at Rome. He d. there i Jan. 1766, aged 78. Both were bur. in St. Peter's, Rome.C") M.I. (^) T. Grey, writing to his father, from Florence, 16 July 1740, says: — "The Pretender I have had frequent opportunities of seeing at church, at the Corso, and other places; but more particularly at a great ball ... at which he and his two sons were present. They are good, fine boys, especially the younger, who has the more spirit of the two, and both danced incessantly all night long. For him, he is a thin, ill-made man, extremely tall and awkward, of a most unpromising countenance, a good deal resembling King James II, and has extremely the air and look of an idiot, parti- cularly when he laughs or prays. The first he does not often, the latter continually." V.G. C") See Sir J. T. Gilbert, Narratives of the detention and marriage of Maria Clementina Stuart, 1894. {ex inform. G. W. Watson). This marriage is also the subject of an excellent romance, by A. E. W. Mason, entitled Clementina. V.G. {") Their issue was but two sons, viz. (i) Charles Edward, titular King Charles III (known as "the young Pretender"), h. 31 Dec. 1J2O; d. s.p. legit. 31 Jan. 1788; for whom see, ante, vol. i, p. 83, under "Albany," titular Earldom of, 1766; (2) Henry Benedict, titular King Henry IX (known as "Cagrdinal York"),b. 21 Mar. 1725;^. unm. 13 July 1807, aged 82, for whom see post under " York," titular Dukedom of. On the Cardinal's death, the issue of King James II became extinct.