of Pausanias and Eryxiiiiachus to be also true to the traditional Sym-
fosiuni.
recollection of them (cp. Phaedr. 268 A, Protag. 315 C, D ; and
compare Sympos. 214 B with Phaedr. 227 A). We may also
remark that Aristodemus is called 'the little' in Xenophon's
Memorabilia, i. 4 (cp. Sym. 173 B).
The speeches have been said to follow each other in pairs :
Phaedrus and Pausanias being the ethical, Eryximachus and
Aristophanes the physical speakers, while in Agathon and
Socrates poetry and philosophy blend together. The speech
of Phaedrus is also described as the mythological, that of Pau-
sanias as the political, that of Eryximachus as the scientific, that
of Aristophanes as the artistic (!), that of Socrates as the philo-
sophical. But these and similar distinctions are not found in
Plato;— they are the points of view of his critics, and seem to
impede rather than to assist us in understanding him.
When the turn of Socrates comes round he cannot be allowed
to disturb the arrangement made at first. With the leave of
Phaedrus he asks a few questions, and then he throws his argu-
ment into the form of a speech (cp. Gorg. 505 E, Protag. 353 B).
But his speech is really the narrative of a dialogue between
himself and Diotima. And as at a banquet good manners would
not allow him to win a victory either over his host or any of the
guests, the superiority which he gains over Agathon is ingeni-
ously represented as having been already gained over himself
by her. The artifice has the further advantage of maintaining his
accustomed profession of ignorance (cp. Menex. 236 fol.). Even
his knowledge of the mysteries of love, to which he lays claim
here and elsewhere (Lys. 204 C), is given by Diotima.
The speeches are attested to us lay the very best authority.
The madman Apollodorus, who for three years past has made
a daily study of the actions of Socrates— to whom the world is
summed up in the words ' Great is Socrates'— he has heard them
from another 'madman,' Aristodemus, who was the 'shadow'
of Socrates in days of old, like him going about barefooted, and
who had been present at the time. ' Would you desire better
witness ? ' The extraordinary narrative of Alcibiades is ingeni-
ously represented as admitted by Socrates, whose silence when
he is invited to contradict gives consent to the narrator. We may
observe, by the way, (i) how the very appearance of Aristodemus
I NTRODUC-
TION.
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The speeches and the characters.
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