56 Robert O. Work and Greg Grant, Beating the Americans at Their Own Game: An Offset Strategy with Chinese Characteristics, pp. 5-6.
57 These hypersonic weapons will backstop the world’s largest theater-based conventional ballistic missile force — a class of weapons that until August 2019 the U.S. was prohibited from fielding as one of two signatories to the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty.
58 Acting DIA Defense Intelligence Officer for East Asia Daniel K. Taylor, prepared testimony for hearing on “A‘World-Class’ Military: Assessing China’s Global Military Ambitions,” U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, June 20, 2019, https://www.uscc.gov/hearings/world-class-military-assessing-chinas-global-military-ambitions.
59 Johnny Wood, “The Countries With the Most Satellites in Space,” World Economic Forum, May 4, 2019, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/03/chart-of-the-day-the-countries-with-the-most-satellites-in-space/.
60 Defense Intelligence Agency, China Military Power, report, January 3, 2019, p. 41, https://www.dia.mil/Portals/27/Documents/News/Military%20Power%20Publications/China_Military_Power_FINAL_5MB_20190103.pdf.
61 Andrea Stricker, “Proliferant States Continue to Rely on China for Nuclear-related Equipment,” FDD, July 2, 2020, https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2020/07/02/proliferant-states-rely-on-china/; and U.S. Department of State, “Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act: Imposed Sanctions,” May 29, 2013; https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/isn/inksna/c28836.htm.
62 U.S. Department of State, “2020 Adherence to and Compliance with Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments (Compliance Report),” June 2020, https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2020-Adherence-to-and-Compliance-with-Arms-Control-Nonproliferation-and-Disarmament-Agreements-and-Commitments-Compliance-Report-1.pdf.
63 U.S. Department of State, “2020 Adherence to and Compliance with Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments (Compliance Report).”
64 Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation Christopher A. Ford, “Ideological “Grievance States” and Nonproliferation: China, Russia, and Iran,” Speech to the Institute for National Security Studies’ Arms Control Conference and Experts Forum, Tel Aviv, Israel, November 11, 2019, https://www.state.gov/ideological-grievance-states-and-nonproliferation-china-russia-and-iran/.
65 Elsa B. Kania, “Chinese Military Innovation and Artificial Intelligence,” testimony for hearing on “Trade, Technology, and Military-Civil Fusion,” U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, June 7, 2019, https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/June%207%20Hearing_Panel%201_Elsa%20Kania_Chinese%20Military%20Innovation%20in%20Artificial%20Intelligence.pdf; and Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation Christopher A. Ford, “Technology and Power in China’s Geopolitical Ambitions,” testimony for hearing on Trade, Technology, and Military-Civil Fusion,” U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, June 20, 2019 https://www.state.gov/technology-and-power-in-chinas-geopolitical-ambitions/.
66 Neil J. Morales, “China’s CCCC, Philippines’ Macroasia Win $10 billion Airport Project,” Reuters, December 17, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cccc-philippines/chinas-cccc-philippines-macroasia-win-10-billion-airport-project-idUSKBN1YL12E; and “China is Making Substantial Investment in Ports and Pipelines Worldwide,” The Economist, February 6, 2020, https://www.economist.com/special-report/2020/02/06/china-is-making-substantial-investment-in-ports-and-pipelines-worldwide.
67 Anne Marie Brady, “Magic Weapons: China’s Political Influence Activities under Xi Jinping,” Wilson Center, September 18, 2017, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/article/magic_weapons.pdf; Damien Cave and Jamie Tarabay, “Suddenly Chinese Threat to Australia Seems Very Real,” The New York Times, November 28, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/28/world/australia/china-spying-wang-liqiang-nick-zhao.html;
