built by Henry VII to replace the older palace of Sheen, destroyed by fire in 1497.[1] Hampton Court, also upon the site of an earlier royal manor-house, was like Whitehall a monument of the architectural taste of Wolsey, and like Whitehall became part of the spoil of Henry VIII, by whom it was completed.[2] Greenwich owed its origin to Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, who gave it the name of 'Placentia' or 'Pleasaunce'. It had been enlarged by Henry VII and was the birthplace and the favourite habitation of Henry VIII.[3] Windsor, on the other hand, which stood in a wide hunting domain some score or more of miles up the river, was an ancient fortress of the English kings. William the Conqueror had built it; William of Wykeham had added to it for Edward III, who established the college of St. George within its walls upon an older foundation of Henry I, and made it the habitation of his chivalric Order of the Garter. Elizabeth modified the mediaeval aspect of the castle, by adding a library and a garden terrace.[4]
Some older royal residences in London had long been converted to other purposes. The Tower served as a wardrobe or storehouse and a prison, but was only occupied by the sovereign on the eve of a coronation. [5] The Wardrobe on St. Andrew's Hill was assigned to the Master of the Wardrobe as an office and personal lodging.[6] The Savoy held a hospital, together with various sets of lodgings.[7] Baynard's Castle had been granted to the Herberts, nominally as keepers, in 1546.[8]
- ↑ E. B. Chancellor, Historical Richmond (1885); R. Garnett, Richmond on the Thames (1896); Chapman, 123; Survey of 1503 in Grose and Astle, Antiquarian Repertory; Survey of 1649 in Nichols, Eliz. ii. 412.
- ↑ E. Law, History of Hampton Court Palace (1885-91); W. H. Hutton, Hampton Court (1897). De Silva reports to Philip on 13 Oct. 1567 (Sp. P. i. 679) that Elizabeth was then at Hampton Court for the first time since her attack of small-pox there in 1562, after which she took a dislike to it. It was the largest of all the palaces, 'with 1800 inhabitable rooms or at least with doors that lock' (V. P. x. 71).
- ↑ A. G. K. L'Estrange, The Palace and the Hospital: Chronicles of Greenwich (1886); Chapman, 9. The building is shown in Wyngaerde's drawing of c. 1543 (Mitton, I). Hentzner was told in 1598 that it was Elizabeth's preferred abode.
- ↑ W. H. St. J. Hope, Windsor Castle (1913); R. R. Tighe and J. E. Davis, Annals of Windsor (1858); E. Ashmole, The Institution, Lawes and Ceremonies of the Garter (1672); J. Pote, History and Antiquities of Windsor Castle (1749); G. M. Hughes, Windsor Forest (1890).
- ↑ R. Gower, The Tower of London (1901-2); Clapham and Godfrey, 29. Elizabeth was there in 1559, 1561, and 1565.
- ↑ For its mediaeval use as an occasional royal lodging, cf. N. H. Nicolas, Wardrobe Accounts of Edw. IV, 121, 127.
- ↑ W. J. Loftie, Memorials of the Savoy (1878); Chapman, 42.
- ↑ Elizabeth paid visits there in 1559, 1562, 1564, 1566, and 1575.
