II
THE ROYAL HOUSEHOLD
[Bibliographical Note.—There is no systematic history of the household,
but the growing tendency, notable in such recent works as those of Professor
Baldwin and Professor Tout, to dwell on the administrative, as
distinct from the 'constitutional', aspect of politics suggests that the gap
may some day be filled. A useful short study is R. H. Gretton, The King's
Government (1913). Of the numerous books bearing more or less directly
on the subject, I give here mainly those which I have found of practical
value in writing this chapter. Professor Tout's Chapters in the Administrative
History of Mediaeval England, of which the first two volumes have
subsequently (1920) appeared, is of course of fundamental importance.
The best worked section is that of mediaeval origins. The general surveys
of W. Stubbs, The Constitutional History of England in its Origin and
Development (1880), and W. R. Anson, The Law and Custom of the Constitution
(1886-92), may be supplemented for the earliest period by L. M.
Larson, The King's Household in England before the Norman Conquest
(1904); for the eleventh to thirteenth centuries by H. W. C. Davis, Regesta
Regum Anglo-Normannorum, i (1913), T. Madox, History and Antiquities
of the Exchequer (1769), R. L. Poole, The Exchequer in the Twelfth Century
(1912), J. H. Round, The King's Serjeants and Officers of State (1911), and
L. W. Vernon Harcourt, His Grace the Steward and the Trial of Peers
(1907); for the fourteenth century by T. F. Tout, The Place of the Reign
of Edward II in English History (1914), J. C. Davies, The Baronial Opposition
to Edward II (1918), F. J. Furnivall and R. E. G. Kirk, Life Records
of Chaucer (1875-1900), and J. R. Hulbert, Chaucer's Official Life (1912);
for the fifteenth century by C. Plummer, Sir John Fortescue's Governance
of England (1885), and by the 'courtesy books' or treatises on domestic
service and etiquette in F. J. Furnivall, The Babees Book, &c. (1868,
E. E. T. S.), Queen Elizabeth's Achademy, &c. (1869, E. E. T. S.), and
R. W. Chambers, A Fifteenth-Century Courtesy Book (1914, E. E. T. S.);
for the Privy Council by N. H. Nicolas, Proceedings and Ordinances of
the Privy Council (1834-7), J. R. Dasent, Acts of the Privy Council (1890-1907),
A. V. Dicey, The Privy Council (1887), J. F. Baldwin, The King's
Council in England during the Middle Ages (1913), T. F. T. Plucknett,
The Place of the Council in the Fifteenth Century (1918, 4 R. Hist. Soc.
Trans. i. 157), E. Percy, The Privy Council under the Tudors (1907), and
C. Hornemann, Das Privy Council von England zur Zeit der Königin
Elisabeth (1912); and for the Star Chamber, W. P. Baildon's edition of
John Hawarde's Reportes del Cases in Camera Stellata (1894), and C. Scofield,
The Court of Star Chamber (1900). Some of the above extend to the
sixteenth century; but in the main the Tudor-Stuart period has received
less attention than it deserves. Even the lists of the great officers, as
given in the ordinary books of reference, are generally incorrect. The
most valuable summary is the quite recent one of E. P. Cheyney, History
of England from the Defeat of the Armada to the Death of Elizabeth, i (1914).
Samuel Pegge set out to write an account of the Hospitium Regis and
published four sections, on the Esquires of the Body, the Gentlemen of the
Privy Chamber, the Gentlemen Pensioners, and the Yeomen of the Guard
