"In 1831 we handled about 14,000 hides, average cost about $3.50, and 12,000 robes, average cost about $7.50.
“In 1882 we purchased between 35,000 and 40,000 hides, at an average cost of about $3.30, and about 10,000 robes, at an average cost of about $8.50.
"In 1883 we purchased from 6,000 to 7,000 hides and about 1,500 to 2,03O robes at a slight advance in price against the year previous.
"In 1884 we purchased less than 2,500 hides, and in my opinion these were such as were carried over from the previous season in the Northwest, and were not fresh-slanghtered skins. The collection of robes this season was also comparatirely small, and nominally robes carried over from 1883.
"In 1885 the collection of hides amounted to little or nothing.
"The aforesaid goods were all purchased direct in the Northwest, that is to sar,principally in Montana, and shipped in care of our branch house at St. Paul, Minnesota, to Joseph Ullman, Chicago. The robes mentioned above were Indian-tanned robes and were mainly disposed of to the jobbing trade both East and West.
"In 1881 and the years prior, the hides were divided into two kinds, viz, robe hides, which were such as had a good crop of fur and were serviceable for robe purposes, and the heavy and short-furred bull hides. The former were principally sold to the John S. Way Manufact. uring Compa Bridgeport, Connecticut, and to numerous small robe tanners, while the latter were sold for leather purposes to various hidetanvers throughout the United States and Canada, and brought 512 to 812 cents per pound. A very large proportion of these latter were tanned by the Wilcox Tanning Company, Wilcox, Pennsylvania.
About the fall of 1882 me established a tannery for buffalo robes in Chicago, and from that time forth we tanned all the good bides which we received into robes and disposed of them in the same manner as the Indian-tanned robes.
"I don't know that I am called upon to express an opinion as to the benefit or disadvantage of the extermination of the buffalo, but nevertheless take the liberty to say that I think that some proper law restricting the unpardonable slaughter of the buffalo should have been enacted at the time. It is a well-known fact that soon after the Northern Pacific Railroad opened up that portion of the country, thereby making the transportation of the buffalo bides feasible, that is to say, reducing the cost of freight, thousands upon thousands of buffaloes were killed for the sake of the hide alone, while the carcasses were left to rot on the open plains.
"The average prices paid the buffalo hunters [from 1880 to 1884) was about as follows: For cow hides [robes?], $3; bull hides, $2.50; yearlings. $1.50; calves, 15 cents; and the cost of getting the hides to market brought the cost up to about $3.50 per hide.”
The amount actually paid out by Joseph Ullman, in four years, for
