undergrowth they are less often seen than heard, for they are as noisy as the rest of their family. They indulge in the same dances during the early part of the season and not infrequently at other times also, hopping about the ground, flirting and spreading their wings, bowing and performing like circus contortionists, all the time loudly applauding their own performances.
(133) Garrulax pectoralis semitorquata.
The Burmese Black-gorgeted Laughing-Thrush.
- Garrulax semitorquata Ogilve-Grant, Bull. B. O. C, x, p. 49 (1900) (Five-finger Mt., Hainan).
Vernacular names. None recorded.
Description. Differs from the last bird in having the tips to the tail-feathers buff instead of white and the pectoral band frequently interrupted in the centre.
Colours of soft parts and Measurements as in the last bird.
Distribution. S. Burma, S. Shan States, Yunnan, Siam and Hainan.
Nidification and Habits as in pectoralis pectoralis. 50 eggs average 30·7 × 22·0 mm.
(134) Garrulax moniliger moniliger.
The Indian Necklaced Laughing-Thrush.
- Cinclosoma moniligera Hodgs., As. Res., xix, p. 147 (1836) (Nepal).
- Garrulax moniliger. Blanf. & Oates, i, p. 81.
Vernacular names. Ol-pho (Lepcha); Piang-kam (Bhut.); Poreri or Purirhi (Daphla); Chota penga (Bengali).
Description. Differs from pectoralis in wanting the black cheek-stripe and in having the primary-coverts the same as the others, not black. The ear-coverts are black and white, varying much individually.
Colours of soft parts. Iris pale yellow to bright yellow; eyelids dull purple; bill dark horn-colour, the tip and edges paler; legs light plumbeous, claws pale horn-colour. In young birds the eyes are greenish yellow or a pale washed-out blue.
Measurements. Length about 300 to 310 mm.; wing 123 to 128 mm.; tail about 120 to 125 mm.; tarsus about 43 mm.; culmen about 28 mm.
Distribution. Practically the same as that of G. pectoralis pectoralis.
Nidification. This Laughing-Thrush has breeding habits, season, elevation, etc., all identical with its larger cousin, pectoralis:, the nests are indistinguishable, but the eggs can be told by their smaller size. 200 eggs average about 28·4 × 21·3 mm., but the largest of
