Page:The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma (Birds Vol 1).djvu/48

b6.

Nostrils bare or merely overhung by hairs or plumelets.

d7.

Rictal bristles always present.

a8.

Inner and hind toe very unequal ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Sittidæ.

b8.

Inner and hind toe equal.

a9.

Wing rounded, tarsus long and strong ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Timaliidæ.

b9.

Wing more pointed, tarsus less strong and long ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Pycnonotidæ.

e7.

Rictal bristles absent.

c8.

Tail-feathers stiff and pointed ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Certhiidæ.

d8.

Tail-feathers soft and rounded ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Troglodytidæ.

b5.

Plumage of nestling mottled or squamated.

c6.

Nostrils not covered by any hairs.

f7.

Rictal bristles absent ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Cinclidæ.

g7.

Rictal bristles present ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Turdidæ.

d6.

Nostrils more or less covered by hairs ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Muscicapidæ.

c5.

Plumage of nestling cross-barred.

e6.

Folded wings not reaching beyond middle of tail.

h7.

Shafts of rump-feathers soft ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Laniidæ.

i7.

Shafts of rump-feathers spinous ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Campephagidæ.

f6.

Folded wings reaching to tip of tail ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Artamidæ.

d5.

Plumage of nestling spotted with white ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Dicruridæ.

e5.

Plumage of nestling like the adults, but brighter ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Sylviidæ.

f5.

Plumage of nestling like the adults, but paler ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Regulidæ.

g5.

Plumage of nestling streaked.

g6.

Rictal bristles present.

j7.

Nostrils covered with hairs ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Irenidæ.

k7.

Nostrils quite exposed.

e8.

First primary at least half length of second ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Oriolidæ.

f8.

First primary less than half second ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Eulabetidæ.

h6.

Without rictal bristles ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Sturnidæ.

b4.

Nostrils pierced, partly within line of forehead and nearer culmen than commissure ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Ploceidæ.

b3.

Wing with nine primaries, the 10th obsolete.

c4.

Bill conical, pointed and entire, the longest secondaries reaching to a point midway between the middle and top of wing ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Fringillidæ.

d4.

Bill long, slender and notched, the longest secondaries reaching almost to tip of wing ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Motacillidæ.

e4.

Bill flat, broad and notched, the longest secondaries reaching to the middle of wing ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Hirundinidæ.