b'. Second primary very much shorter than
fifth.
c". Frontal feathers of ordinary structure,
not concealing the nostrils.
'". Rictal bristles short and few in
number, generally less than six.
4 . Sexes different.
a 3 . In both sexes base of tail white,
upper tail-coverts black, upper
plumage brown or rufescent,
never blue nor black SIPHIA, p. 7.
b 5 . Males with whole upper plu-
mage blue or black ; lower
plumage never entirely blue
or greeii. Females brown or
rufescent above, never com-
bined with black upper tail-
coverts and white on tail.
a 6 . Bill wide at base and strong. CYORNIS, p. 11.
b 6 . Bill narrow throughout, and
feeble NITIDULA, p. 27.
c 5 . Both sexes with the entire
plumage suffused with blue
or green STOPAROLA, p. 27.
6 4 . Sexes alike ; plumage plain brown
or rufous throughout.
d s . First primary never less than
half second.
c 6 . Bill laterally compressed ;
lower mandible pale MUSCITREA, p. 30.
d 6 . Bill flattened ; lower man-
dible dark ANTHIPES, p. 31.
e 5 . First primary much less than
half second ALSEONAX, p. 34.
b'". Rictal bristles very long and nume-
rous, about ten on each side.
c 4 . Tail much rounded; first primary
much longer than half second . . OCHROMELA, p. 37.
d*. Tail quite even ; first primary
much less than half second .... CULICICAPA, p. 38.
d". Frontal feathers lengthened and very
dense, concealing the nostrils.
c'". Bill carinated and narrow; both
sexes with a brilliant neck-spot . . NILTAVA, p. 39.
if". Bill broad and flattened ; no neck-
spot in either sex PHILENTOMA, p. 42.
b Tail as long as, or longer than, wing.
c . Head crested TERPSIPHONE, p. 44.
d'. Head not crested.
e". Tail about equal to wing.
e'" '. Length of culmen about twice the
breadth of bill at forehead HYPOTHYMIS, p. 48.
/'". Length of culmen about equal to
breadth of bill at forehead CHKLIDORHYNX, p. 51.
f". Tail considerably longer than wing . . RHIPIDURA, p. 52.
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