Introduction.
xi
Fig. 11.
_-_Fig._11.png)
Fig. 11.—Fore legs, a ♂, b ♀, of I, Hestia (Danainæ); II, Mycalesis (Satyrinæ); III, Cynthia (Nymphalinæ); IV, Pareba (Acræinæ); V, Libythea; VI, Abisara (Nemeobidæ); VII, Papilio (Papilionidæ), claws simple (♂ tibiæ with pad on inner side); VIII, Pieris (Pieridæ), claws bifid; IX, Lampides (Lycanidæ), ♂ tarsus imperfect with only one claw; X, Tagiades (Hesperiidæ), tibiæ with a medial as well as an apical pair of spurs.
The six families under which the Indian butterflies can be arranged may be briefly tabulated as follows:—
Key to the Families of Butterflies.
| A. | Antennæ approximate at base; hind tibiæ with only a terminal pair of spurs; one or more of the veins in the fore wing forked or coincident beyond the cell. |
| a. | Precostal nervure in hind wing present. |
| a1. | Front pair of legs imperfect in one or both sexes. |
| a2. | Front pair of legs imperfect in both sexes[1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
Nymphalidæ. |
| b2. | Front pair of legs imperfect in ♂, perfect in ♀ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
Nemeobidæ. |
- ↑ Except in the genera Pseudergolis, Libythea and Calinaga. In these imperfect only in the ♂. Other characters, however, strongly Nymphaline.
