NOTES, QUERIES, NOTICES, AND NEWS.
May Chafer.—I have to thank Dr. Karl Blind for his very interesting additions to the history of May-chafer, and to the collection of May-songs. Since writing my article I have come across some further record of early May-customs in this country. Giulio Cesare Croce, the famous ballad-singer of Bologna (born 1550). wrote a "Canzonetta vaga in lode del bel mese di maggio et delle regine o contesse che si fanno quel giorno in Bologna," and in 1622, a small book was published at Bologna, entitled: "Ragionamenti piacevoli intorno alle contesse di maggio; piantar il maggio; nozze che si fanno in maggio." The author, Vincenzo Giacchiroli, observes: "These countesses, according to what I have read, the Florentines call Dukes of May—perhaps because there they have real dukes." The first of May, he continues, the young girls select one from among them and set her on a high seat or throne in some public street, adorned and surrounded with greenery, and with such flowers as the season affords. To this maiden, in semblance like the goddess Flora, they compel every passer-by to give something, either by catching him by his clothes, or by holding a cord across the street to intercept him, singing at the same time, "Alla contessa, alla contessa!" They who pass, therefore, throw into a plate or receptacle prepared for the purpose, money, or flowers, or what not, for the new countess. In some places it was the custom to kiss the countess; "neither," adds the author, "is this to be condemned, since so were wont to do the ancients as a sign of honour."
Regarding a similar usage at Mantua, Merlinus Coccaius (Folengo) wrote:—
"Accidit una dies qua Mantua tota bagordat
Prima dies mensis Mail quo quisque piantat
Per stradas ramos frondosos nomine mazzos.&c."
Exactly the same practice lingers in Spain. In the town of Almeria, improvised temples are raised at the street corners and gateways, where, on an altar covered with damask or other rich stuff, a girl
