guished by the leg coloration. The males are less distinct, differing in my material only in averages in color. Nevertheless, the insects and galls of similis and taschenbergi are so nearly identical that they will undoubtedly be confused, and as a result our biologic data must always be open to correction.
Lacaze-Duthiers (1853) and Hieronymus (1890) give short accounts of the histology of this gall, mentioning the cells of the epidermis which produce the pubescence on the gall, the chlorophyll in the parenchyma under the epidermis, the later development of large calcium oxalate crystals in the cells of the parenchyma, and the nutritive material inside the gall.
Adler's name similis (1881) for this insect is pre-occupied in the genus Cynips by Bassett's similis (1864), so we have introduced substituta as a new name for Adler's insect.
Cynips longiventris variety forsiusi, new variety
agamic form
Figures 17, 98
Cynips (Diplolepis) longiventris err. det. Forsius, 1921, Meddel. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica 46: 32.
FEMALE.—The entire body averaging darker, in some cases largely black; the mesonotum largely naked except at the sides, but the surface distinctly coriaceous or even shagreened in places, especially along the parapsidal grooves, most so anteriorly; the anterior parallel and lateral lines not prominent, not broad nor smooth; the length 1.9 to 2.5 mm., the insects distinctly smaller than in the variety longiventris. Figure 98.
GALL.—As described for the species, the known specimens not as definitely marked, much smaller, up to 4.5 mm. in diameter. On Quercus pedunculata.
RANGE.—Finland: Helsingfors, Munksnäs, Granö, Malm (acc. Forsius 1921). Pargas (A. Nordman, from Forsius in Kinsey coll.). Lojo (Forsius; types). Denmark: Stiznaes in Sjelland, Bromme (Hoffmeyer in Kinsey coll.). Probably restricted to a more northern area in Europe near the northern limits of oaks. Figure 17.
TYPES.—15 females, no galls. The holotype and paratypes at the University of Helsingsfors; paratypes in the Kinsey collection. Labelled Lojo, Finland, R. Forsius collector.
In 1921 Dr. Runar Forsius, of Fredriksberg in Finland, reporting the occurrence of longiventris in the neighborhood of Helsingfors in the southern part of his native country, gave
