length, and which is located near the base of the gall; the upper part of the cone with another irregular cavity, a small amount of the compact, spongy fibers separating this from the larval cell. The galls entirely separable, attached to veins on the under surfaces of leaves, rarely to the bark of young or old twigs (acc. Kieffer 1901), almost always on Quercus pubescens (= Q. sessiliflora pubescens of Trotter). Less often on Q. lusitanica (Trotter acc. Houard 1908) and Q. pedunculata (acc. Misciatelli 1895). Figures 119, 138-139.
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FIG. 21. CYNIPS CORNIFEX
Possible extension of known range shown by shading.
RANGE.—France: Marseille (A . Vayssière acc. Houard 1914:26).
Nîmes (Darboux acc. Houard 1902). Pertuis, Motte-d'Aigues, Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque, La Môle, Cogolin, and Sainte-Hélène near Nice
(acc. Cotte 1912). Dourbes (Daumézon acc. Cotte 1912).
Italy: Tregnago (acc. Massalongo 1892). Verona (Trotter in Kinsey coll.). Triest (acc. Gräffe 1905). Brescia (Massalonga acc. Mantero
1906). Trentino (acc. Cobelli 1905).
Austria: Vienna (Kollar acc. Hartig 1843; et al. authors; also in Kinsey coll. and in U.S. Nat. Mus.).
Hungary (Paszlavszky acc. Kieffer 1901).
Asia Minor (Trotter acc. Houard 1908).
Distinctly Mediterranean, known from Asia Minor to Austria, northern Italy, and southern France. To be looked for elsewhere in southern Europe and perhaps in northern Africa. Figure 21.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION.—Hartig, 1843, Germar Ent. Zeit. 4:406. C. carnifex Kollar: nigra, thoracis dorso nigromaculato pedibusque rufis; coxis tarsisque posterioribus nigris. Long. 1 lin.
