tie Rock. " Contracts in Restraint of Trade " are discussed by James M. Kerr, of Rochester; and John Henry Wigmore contributes an interesting paper on " Louisiana : the Story of its Jurispru dence." An article on " Maritime Collisions" contains much that will be of interest to admiralty practitioners. Johns Hopkins University Studies. — The first number of the seventh series is a sketch by F. C. Montague, Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, of the life of Arnold Toynbee, that interesting young Englishman whose last years were devoted to an endeavor to ameliorate the condition of the working classes. The story of his struggles to attain the realization of his passionate desire to mitigate the lot of human misery is one of exceed ing interest. Dying at the early age of thirty-one, with his great work hardly begun, he had never theless sown seed which has already borne its fruit. "Some persons seldom address their clients with out slipping into a style of flattery. Toynbee, who loved the people with all his heart and was, per haps, prejudiced in their favor, avoided this perni cious cant. We give a short extract from one of his addresses which might well serve as a model for some of our American speakers. After reminding his hearers that a rise in wages was desirable in the interests of the whole community only in so far as it led to a rise in the civilization of the wageearners, he said : — "' You know only too well that too many workingmen do not know how to use the wages which they have at the present time. You know, too, that an increase of wages often means an increase of crime. If workingmen are to expect their em ployers to act with larger notions of equity in their dealings in the labor market, it is at least rational that employers should expect that workingmen shall set about reforming their own domestic life. It is at least reasonable that they should demand that workingmen shall combine to put down drunk enness and brutal sports. ' "In a paper entitled ' Cheap Clothes and Nasty,' he wrote : ' The great maxim we have all to follow is that the welfare of the producer is as much a matter of interest to the consumer as the price of the product; ' — wise and true words, how seldom borne in mind!"
BOOK NOTICES. The Concurrent Jurisdiction of the Federal and State Courts. By George C. Holt. New York : Baker, Voorhis & Co., Law Publish ers. [888. Price, $3.00. This is a work which will be welcomed by the legal profession. We have had treatises before on the jurisdiction of State and Federal Courts, but none on the concurrent jurisdiction, — a question which is often puzzling even to the most experienced members of the bar. Mr. Holt treats the subject under the fol lowing heads: The Concurrent Jurisdiction of the United States Supreme Court; The ConcurrentJuris diction of the United Stales Circuit and District Courts with each other and with the State Courts; Grounds of Preference between United States Circuit and District Courts and State Courts; The Concur rent Jurisdiction of the United States Circuit Courts and the State Courts; Grounds of Preference between United States Circuit Courts and State Courts, grow ing out ofDiversity of Procedure; Grounds of Pref erence between United States Circuit Courts and State Courts, growing out of Diversity of Decisions; The Concurrent Jurisdiction of the United States District Courts and the State Courts. The work in preparing this treatise seems to have been thoroughly done, and each chapter is subdivided into sections, with distinct headings, making reference easy and satisfactory. The Principles of Estoppel. By Michael Cababf.. Maxwell & Son, London. This little work is designed, as stated by the author in his preface, " to state the real grounds of the doc trine by which a conclusive admission of fact can be exacted from parties, by reason of their conduct; the exact nature and consequences of the admission, and the limits to the application of the doctrine." The subject is discussed under three heads : " Estoppel by Agreement," " Estoppel by Misrepresentation," and " On the Doctrine generally and its Limits." There is also a short appendix, containing a note on "Estoppel by Negligence." The Australian Ballot System. By J. H. Wigmore. We have received a copy of this interesting work, but too late for an extended notice in this issue. Trie subject is one worthy of study by all who desire the purification of the ballot; and, from a hasty examina tion, we judge that Mr. Wigmore has prepared for his readers an immense amount of valuable informa tion upon this system, which has proved so successful wherever it has been adopted.
