90 MYSORE. slight exception, finds its way to the Bay of Bengal, and is divisible into three great river systems,—that of the KISTNA (Krishna) on the north, KAVERI (Cauvery) on the south, the two PENNERS and the PALAR on the east. The only streams flowing to the Arabian Sea are those in certain tracts in the north-west, which, uniting in the Sharavati, hurl themselves down the Gháts in the magnificent falls of Gersoppa ; and some minor streams in Nagar and Manjarábád, which flow into the Gargita and the Netravati. A line drawn east from Ballálráyandrúg to Nandidrúg, and thence south to Anekal, with one from Devaráydrúg north to Pávugada, will indicate approximately the watershed separating the three main river basins. From the north of this ridge flow the TungA and the BHADRA, rising in the Western Ghats and uniting in the TUNGABHADRA, which, with its tributary the HAGARI or Vedavati, joins the Kistna beyond the limits of Mysore, in Srí Sáila, near Kárnúl. From the south of the line, the HEXAVATI with its affluent the Yagachi, the LOKAPAVANI, SHimsha, and ARKAVATI flow into the Kaveri (Cauvery), which, rising in Coorg, and taking a south-easterly course through Mysore, receives also on the right bank the LAKSHMANTIRTHA, the GUNDAL, the KABBANI, and the HONNU-HOLE before quitting the territory. From the east of the line, in the immediate neighbourhood of Nandidrúg, spring three main streams, forming a system which Lassen has designated die Tripotamie des Dekhans,' namely, the NORTHERN PENNER (with its tributaries the CHITRAVATI and PAPAGHNI), which discharges into the sea at Nellore; the SOUTHERN PENNER, which ends its course at Cuddalore; and between them, the PALAR, whose mouth is at Sadras. Owing to either rocky or shallow beds, none of the Mysore rivers are navigable, but timber is floated down the Tunga, the Bhadra, and the Kabbani at certain seasons. Most of the streams are fordable during the dry months, or can be crossed by rude bridges formed of logs or stones thrown across from boulder to boulder. During floods, traffic over the streams is often suspended until the water subsides. But throughout the rainy season they are generally crossed at the appointed ferries by rasts, basket boats, canoes or ferry-boats. Men also sometimes cross by supporting themselves on earthen pots. Though useless for navigation, the main streams, especially the Káveri and its tributaries, support an extensive system of irrigation by means of channels drawn from immense dams called anicuts, which retain the upper waters at a high level and permit only the overflow to pass down stream. There are no natural lakes in Mysore; but the streams which gather from the hill-sides and fertilize the valleys are at every favourable point cmbanked in such a manner as to form series or chains of reservoirs, called tanks, the outflow from one at a higher level supplying the next
