102 MYSORE. occupation of ground in Manjarábád táluk by Mr. Green in 1843. A wide field of enterprise has since been opened to European planters in Manjarábád and other western táluks, where the conditions of a moist temperature and an elevation of from 2500 to 4000 feet are to be procured. Natives have also generally taken to the cultivation, but do not pay the same attention to the preparation of the ground and the growth of the plant. Clearing for a plantation is a troublesome and expensive process. Constant care is needed during a whole year to produce good plants from the seedlings; and although a few berries are gathered in the fourth and fifth years, the planter can hardly expect to realize a full crop till the seventh or eighth year, when the out-turn is about 5 or 6 cwts. per acre. The produce from native plantations is probably, on an average, not one quarter of this. The berries when picked are pulped, and after fermenting for one day, to remove saccharine matter, are washed, cleaned, and dried, and put in bags to be sent to Bangalore or the western coast for curing and exportation. The number of plantations held by Europeans in 1875-76 was 301, with an area of 32,638 acres; native planters held 23,942 gardens, with an area of 80,487 acres. In 1883, the number of plantations held by Europeans was 489, with an area of 41,379 acres; native planters held 22,791 gardens, with an area of 99,893 acres. The total number of gardens was 23,280, covering an area of 141,272 acres ; yielding an out-turn of 4,961,397 lbs., valued at £149,321. In 1884, the number of plantations held by Europeans was 529; native planters held 22,743 gardens. Sugar-cane is grown throughout the State wherever means of irrigation are available, but especially about Seringapatam, near which, at PALHALLI, there was till recently a large European factory for refining jaggery. The out-turn of sugar from jaggery is calculated at 50 per cent., and of the refuse about 30 per cent. is utilized for distilling rum. The value of the jaggery and sugar made in Mysore in 1880-81 was estimated at £157,789. Cocoa-nut palms are grown extensively in gardens. The trees begin to produce nuts when seven or eight years old. As each tree bears for sixty years, and produces annually from seventy to a hundred nuts, the cultivation is reckoned very profitable, provided that water is found tolerably near the surface. The export in 1880-81 of fresh cocoa-nuts from Mysore State was valued at £10,452, and of cocoa-nut oil at £666. The attempts to rear cinchona have been fairly successful, there being two plantations, of which that at Kalhatti, on the Bábá Búdan Mountain, contains more than 30,000 trees, and the other, on the Biligirirangan Hill, 3000 trees. The only species which has hitherto been found suited to the climate is C. succirubra, Paron; C. Calisaya, Weddell, and C. Condaminea, Ilumb., having failed.
