portion of this now finds its way eastward to the north-east line of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway. The exports are cotton, linseed, wheat, gram, and grass-oil; imports — salt, cocoa-nuts, and spices of all kinds. The staple industry is the extraction of oil from a grass known as roya, about 100 stills being at work. This oil has long been held in repute as a remedy for rheumatism. Nandurbár is one of the oldest towns in Khándesh. It was obtained by Mubárak, chief of Khándesh, from the ruler of Gujarát in 1536. In 1665 it was a place of considerable prosperity, renowned for its grapes and melons. In 1666, an English factory was established at Nandurbár; in 1670, it had become so important a trading centre, that the English factory was removed hither from Ahmadábád. It subsequently suffered in common with the rest of Khándesh during the troubles of Báji Ráo's rule; and when it came into the possession of the British Government in 1818, the town was more than half deserted. It contains many old mosques and remains of ancient buildings. According to local tradition, Nandurbár was founded by Nand Gauli, in whose family it remained until wrested from them by the Muhammadans under Samin-moin-ud-din Chishtí, assisted by the Pír Sayyid Ala-ud-din.
Nanenwar. - Mountain in Kashmír (Cashmere) State, Northern India. Lat. 34° 31' n., long. 74° 50' e. (Thornton). One of the lofty range bounding the Kashmír valley on the north-east. Over its sides lies the Bandarpur Pass into Tibet, at an elevation of about 11,000 feet above sea level.
Nangám. — Petty State of the Sankhera Mehwás in Rewá Kántha, Bombay Presidency. Area, 3 square miles, with 3 villages. Held jointly by four proprietors entitled thákurs. Estimated revenue in 1882, £217; tribute of £129 is paid to the Gáekvár of Baroda. The estate is very poor, the shareholders being little more than common husbandmen. The people are chiefly Bhils, raising only the coarser and more easily grown crops.
Nangambákam. — Suburb of Madras. — See Madras City.
'Nánguneri. — Táluk or Sub-division of Tinnevelli District, Madras Presidency. Area, 665 square miles. Population (1881) 174,347, namely, 84,243 males and 90,104 females, dwelling in 227 villages (mostly hamlets), and occupying 37,149 houses. Hindus number 136,823; Muhammadans, 8992; Christians, 28,520; and 'others,' 12. Nánguneri táluk occupies the whole of the extreme south of the District. The soil is composed of red clay, loam, and sand, excepting a narrow strip parallel with the sea, where white sand prevails. Palmyra groves occupy the east and south of the táluk, from February to August the juice, which flows from the flower spathe cut across, is boiled down to brown sugar before it has time to ferment. In the centre of the táluk are many tanks, both rain-fed and
